School Management, Under The Vision Of "complexity Science"

Due to the impact of scientific and rational thinking at the beginning of the twentieth century, current theory, practice and research on school management are carried through the thinking way of Classical Science. However, the managers often feel helpless because of the impact of complex factors in course of school management, which causes so-called "management inefficiency". Complexity Science is an intersectional science that researches into complexity and complex system. This paper attempts to research into school management by some principles put forward by Complexity Science, and take complex factors into account in school management, so that the managers can make good use of the impact of complex factors to improve the efficiency of school management. Researching into school management by Complexity Science will arise the fundamental transition in all aspects of the theory, practice and research of school management.Current theory of school management is constructed on the perspective of Classical Science, which considers school management as a closed system, utilizes the mode of traditional linear and cause-and-effect thinking, and reduces or gets rid of accidental factors. The modern theory of school management has characteristics of scientific methodology, structural-functionalism, predictability, universality, etc. In the field of vision on Complexity Science, the basic characteristics of school management theory can be understood more profoundly, which includes admitting the practical unpredictability of school management, showing the theoretical scene-trait of school management, and pursuing the variety of research angle. The theory of school management will necessarily move towards richening practice of school management and multidimensional synthesis.There are many important inspirations drawn to school management practices from the viewpoint of Complexity Science. First of all, the system of school management is of self-organizing and organized characteristics. Therefore, we should set up school management system combining the self-organizing and the organized when organizing the system of school management, which will create favorable conditions for becomingself-organizing system. Secondly, due to the influence of complex factors in school management, school managers should come into being the mode of complex thinking, and research into and deal with the problems managers are facing with complex and non-linear thinking way. Thirdly, in order to deal with the complexity in school management efficiently, the organizational form of power should be redesigned. School managers should be good at empowering and adopting the approach of democratic management because school managers and the managed members have characteristic of inter-subjectivity. Fourthly, more innovating space is provided for school management by the complexity of school management. Then, school managers must be good at utilizing shadow system to widen innovating space in school management. Finally, combining theory and method, quality evaluation and quantity evaluation will appraise school manager more exactly, because adopting quantity evaluation or quality evaluation respectively can't reflect the achievement of school members exactly and objectively.Simple paradigm is a primary research paradigm in current school management, which is characterized by university, reduction and separation. Reducible and linear thinking ways are introduced to researching into the paradigm, so that theory and practice are isolated. If school management is researched by complex paradigm, the complex essence of school management will be announced, and the practice of school management will be reflected better, and management theory and practice will be combined organically. These two paradigms have advantages and disadvantages, so both are in competition. The dialogue way would be an integration approach to solve the problem, because these two paradigms can understand mutually and gain fusion by dialogue.Solving complexity is not only an imaginat...