A Study On The Management System Of Primary School Teachers In The Period Of Nanjing National Government (1927-1949)

In the process of the modern times transforming to the contemporary, China faced a poorness and weakness situation in a long time. As the basic education, primary education had once played an important role in saving the nation, and had borne the Chinese ideal that saving the nation by developing education. At the beginning of the Republic of China, the central power had attached great importance to the development of primary education, including primary school teachers. Although a series of laws and regulations had been formulated by the central government, the management of primary school teachers was always in chaos for the warlords. Until the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, primary school teachers management was gradually on the right track. The Nanjing National Government is divided into three periods on the basis of the outbreak and the end of the Anti-Japanese War:prewar(1927-1937), wartime(1937-1945) and postwar(1945-1949). The paper attempts to study the establishment and reform of the policy and institution of primary school teachers management and the discussion of results about some problems from educators, in order to benefit today’s management of primary school teachers. This paper has three chapters:The first chapter is the study of the primary school teachers management in early stage of the Anti-Japanese War.1927-1937is "Golden Ten Years" in the period of Kuomintang. In these ten years, the domestic and international situation was stable and the primary school teachers management had a great opportunity to develop. With the verification, appointment and further training of primary school teachers as the object, this chapter tries to provide historical reference for today’s primary school teachers management through the study of the system itself and the analysis of its implementation.The second chapter is the study of the primary school teachers management during the period of the Anti-Japanese War. The outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War had a huge impact on China. This chapter aims to explore the efforts of Nanjing National Government to implement the "Regards as usual during the War" education policy by studying the treatment, service group and promotion of primary school teachers.The third chapter is the study of the primary school teachers management in the later stage of the Anti-Japanese War. Although after a tough struggle, Chinese people won a great victory of the Anti-Japanese War, China was in a disastrous state, and almost all kinds of causes were waiting to be done. In terms of primary education, appeasing teachers and strengthening the quality of teachers were imminent. Through studying the pension policy and the reformed institution of vacation training, this chapter strives to explore the problem of primary school teachers management in the later period of the Republic of China.In general, during the Nanjing National Government period, the central power tried its best to improve primary school teacher management system, and wanted to make the system more complete. However, any design of a system can not be divorced from the facts. The national government formulate policies without considering the national situation and the need of society, and local governments did not implement the policies firmly, so many management policies did not work.