Research On Chinese Education In Primary And Middle Schools During The National Government Of Nanjing (1927-1937)

Chinese language education in modern times has experienced the transition from the traditional Chinese education to the modern Chinese education, especially when Chinese Literature set up branch in 1904 independently, Chinese education began its own change constantly, cultivating a large number of Chinese talents who adapt to the era development. The change had a positive effect to the development of modern Chinese education, the social modernization and the change of social concept,etc.From 1927 to 1937,under the jurisdiction of the national government,the school Chinese education got a rapid development and made a lot of beneficial explorations in the policy making, teachers electing, teaching methods,etc. This paper attempts to in-depth and comprehensively study the Chinese education policies in the stage of primary and secondary school education in this period and the specific implementation of Chinese education.From 1927 to 1937, the Chinese education developed on the basis of inheritanting history outstanding achievements. Traditional Chinese education is the basis of change of Chinese education modern history. Traditional Chinese education lasted a long time, in the process of the development,it formed its own characteristics. Confucian classics as the main teaching content, Chinese education mixes the literature, historiography, philosophy, and even science together, forming the wide Chinese education,making great contribution to the development of Chinese society. But in modern times, as the dramatic social changes, the traditional Chinese education can not adapt to the development of the society, and western education concept introduced into China, the social man of insight asking for the change of traditional Chinese education. The decyl frame system of the Qing dynasty set up Chinese characters and Chinese literature in elementary and middle schools marks the Chinese become an independent discipline, beginning the process of subject modernization,gradually having the unique teaching content in the later developing. After the establishment of the Republic of China,several important education reform such as schooling system and the May 4th new culture movement have profoundly affected the transformation of Chinese education, making the teaching contents and teaching methods of Chinese education and textbook compiling having a great change.Between 1927 and 1937, the national government issued three curriculum standards, one of the primary school Chinese curriculum standard has made the detailed rules for primary school Chinese class proportion of class, the teaching objective, teaching content, teaching material, teaching method and various aspects. Advanced experts and scholars at that time also conducted fruitful exploration on the primary school Chinese education. Under the joint efforts of the government and the social from all walks of life,primary school Chinese education has improved a lot. There are clear rules in the middle school Chinese course standard issued by government for the high school Chinese curriculum, Chinese teaching content, teaching method and so on. The memories of social celebrities for their high school language learning helps us have a more intuitive understanding to the implementation situation of Chinese education.The last part focuses on the summary and evaluation to the Chinese education of this period, after carrying on the detailed investigation to Chinese education in the 1927-1937 years, including the reasons and lacks during the progress of Chinese education in the period, the opinions of the state to improve the Chinese education, and summarizing the enlightenment that the Chinese education of Nanjing national government brought us in order to serve as a reference to the current Chinese education. This period of the Chinese curriculum standards is set on the basis of fully summarizes the the Chinese education experience,is the most perfect since Chinese independent. It set more clear positioning for the Chinese education,making a general provisions for the teaching content, teaching method and teaching material selection standards. The textbook compilation in both the quantity and quality has obtained great achievement and teaching research achieved fruitful results. But this period of Chinese education also exists the problems including party charged and the imbalance in the process of the implementation of regional development and urban and rural development. Therefore, we should seriously review the successful experience and the existing problems of the Chinese education during Nanjing national government period, combining the reality of the current school Chinese education,strengthening Chinese education research so that Chinese education makes a development on a healthy track.