Development Of Primary And Middle School Students Bullying Attribution Scale

Bullying is a very common behavior which takes place in school, especially among Primary and Junior Middle School students. Recently lots of researches have been showed that it is very popular among many countries. Since the late of the 1970's when Olweus systematically explored the bullying happened in Northern European school, the researches about bullying have gone through the descriptive research stage and the deeper research stage. However, there has been no review of domestic and abroad which explored the cognitive foundation from the aspect of attribution so far. And cognitive factor places a very important role in individual's behaviors and development. As the main part of Modern Cognition Theory since the 1970's, the Attribution Theory points out a new direction of cognition researches regarding bullying.Bullying, as one of the special kind of aggression behaviors, has bad influences on bullies,victims, and their school surroundings as well. Well, how do the bullies and victims attribute bullying behaviors? Whether the attributional traits of Primary and Junior Middle School students affect the happening of bullying? In order to explore the keys to the above questions, one of the conditions which we must have in advance is one good research tool. Therefore, the aim of this study is to self-compile the Bullying Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students, which provides a tool for the further study on the cognitive factor's influential mechanism of bullying among Primary and Junior Middle School students.First of all, based on the Attribution Theory, and learned from the available research tool of attribution, the Scale formed its construction; Secondly, the study did the context-analysis and frequency statistics of students' real attribution stations collected by the open-up questionnaire. Then the items were decided at last.The Bullying Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students has 2 subscales, that is, the Bullies' Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students, and the Victims' Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students. According to the Attribution Theory, each of the subscales has eight son-scales, that is, ISC,ISU,IUC,IUU,ESC,ESU,EUC and EUU. After several times' measurement and Factor Analysis, the formal scale of the 2 subscales has 28 items and 26 items respectively. And each son-scale has 3 or 4 items.Finally, this study took measurement using another independent sample, with the purpose of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Goodness of Fit Statistics showed that the one-order Model had a good fitness and can be accepted. That is to say, the formal scale had good construction validity and met the standard of measurement subject.Besides, the results of the scales' reliability and validity showed that:The Cronbach' a of the 2 subscales is 0.926 and 0.890 respectively, and the Cronbach' a of the eight son-scales were all acceptable; Based on the solid theory and reality, and discussed thoroughly by some post-graduates and professors of psychological major, the Scale tried its best to make sure that it had measured the right things. Therefore the Scale had good context validity.The results of this research were:(1)The Bullying Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students has 2 subscales, that is, the Bullies' Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students, and the Victims' Attribution Scale of Primary and Junior Middle School students. (2)Each of the subscales has eight son-scales, that is, ISC,ISU,IUC,IUU,ES,ESU,EUC and EUU. (3)The formal scale had good reliability and validity, and met the standard of measurement subject.