Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of The Ming And Qing Dynasties Shandong Scholars

Shandong scholars' research of Ming & Qing is not a lot in the educational circles. Very obviously, educational circles still have no systematic research to this problem. Besides China in Ming & Qing period, the quantity of Shandong scholars in the whole country although compared with Chiang-Nan, is be placed in the bad situation; But in the north, Shandong is still best, in a word, the quantity of Shandong scholars is placed in the fifth in the whole country. Therefore, the distribution of Shandong scholars still have spaces on the research.It made use of a great deal of form and chart in this text, mainly made use of the philological, the analytical and the method of the history launch of research, etc. The author try to research the unbalance of scholars, the quantity, the space distribute and the reason that causes this kind of unbalance distributed of Shandong scholars' analysis, coming to systematically discuss the distribution of Shandong scholars. Concretely speak, this text can discuss in three parts:Firstly, the author passes to correct the data of the educational circles through the years. And combine the related data, get the quantity of the whole country in Ming & Qing period. They are different, the quantity of Ming is24595 and Qing is 26849.In the meantime, the research to the quantity of Shandong scholars mainly pass to research the educational circles related data, but the quantity's research concerning Shandong in the educational circles is not a system, and the statistics is different. The author passes to correct the data of the educational circles, and combine the chorography of Shandong. In the end, I get the quantity of Shandong scholars in Ming & Qing, they are 1825 and 2260.The second, This chapter have two parts, one is temporal distribution of Shandong scholars, one is directional distribution of Shandong scholars. In the temporal distribution, Shandong scholars have unbalance distribution. In the Ming Dynasty, the quantity is below the average value; but in the middle of Ming and Qing Dynasty, the quantity is rising very quickly, and is above the average value; After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the quantity is disclining, and still below the average value. In the directional distribution, in the Ming Dynasty, Shandong scholars centre in traditional provincial capital and the business town besides canal in the west of Shandong, the east of Shandong is in the dry tree, but in the Qing Dynasty, especially after the middle of Qing, Shandong scholars centre in the traditional provincial capital and Dengzhou-Laizhou. But the business town besides canal in the west is disclining. So regardless of the space and time, the distribution of Shandong scholar is unbalanced.The third, What reasons does the unbalanced distribution appear? This chapter gives three reasons, One is the culture tradition of Shandong in the pre-Ming & Qing. One is the history geography in Shandong and economic development. One is the authority education and the development of the academy and the noble family of imperial examination.Shandong is one of the source of the old civilization of China. In the ancient time there were people to live here, in the Chunqiu and warring states Period, Qi and Lu culture becomes the base of Shandong and the whole country. The private and Confucianism education has become the cultural tradition. In this background, The education in Shandong is very booming. In the meantime, the history geography in Shandong and the related areas have different levels and otherness. This is the final causes.