Theory Of Zhang Dai

Zhang Dai is an outstanding proser in the history of Chinese Literature, the achievement is prominent in the prose creation, this article divides into four parts to carry on the exploration to it.First part is Zhang Dai study summary which divides into the end of the Ming dynasty, at the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, New nation four stages. His prose being published then received at the same time the approval of his own generation, which caused him to become the southeast literary arena eminent whom received many mouths commendation in the end of the Ming dynasty. The Ming and Qing Dynasties changed, under Qing Dynasty high culture pressure, his prose once was quiet, nobody asked, but some works were preserved and published which became the spot. The Republic of China time, the faction of saying the will raised "the latter Ming Dynasty sketch to be hot" which caused his article to put the brilliance greatly. Since the founding of the nation especially the 90's he was paid attention, regardless of the single paper or monographs all a substantial number of, and continued to develop.Second part is Zhang Dai's family, growing environment and the point of view. Zhang Dai was born in a luxurious family, his great-great grandfather, great-grandfather, grandfather, father four senior's words and deeds and the life experience influenced him profoundly, engraved the brand mark in his world outlook, the outlook on life, the artistic esthetic interest formation, which made him has the resistance destiny stubborn will and the pursue free thought individuality. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, his family from powerful reduced to poor, he had nothing in the world, lived destitute life and suffered hunger and cold, but he maintained the national moral courage, posed as by Ming Yimin, through reconsidering to history and reality profoundly, he chose to hide away the country, bury the body earth room, save history reposing by the writings to restore the will, found the survival significance and value. Therefore his works are not in one side of self-entertainment, more important is in one sorrow side of concerning time.Third part is Zhang Dai's literature thought. Although he lifted up he flag of soul arteries, influenced by Xu Wei, Gong an and Jingling security, not controlled by timely breeze, he could absorb vulgarity of Gong an security and abandon its superficiality, take Jingling's elegant and discard its crabbed side, fuse Gong an and Jingling's long evade their short, develop his own style. In order to do not fall into the creation erroneous zone of "lose hard "and" lose the frivolity", he emphasized "take solid as elusive", not only his prose got latter Ming dynasty sketch unconventional, also took unique deep sincere lose pain of the people as the inside emotion, creating elusive and the deep excellent piece of writing. Regardless of the character sketch or the scenery sketch, all had "genuineness" and "affection", describing art life appeal, building poetic ideal condition and displaying his elegant taste using the poem language, meanwhile, he also paid attention to the ways of the world human sentiment and the folk custom culture, did not evade vulgar and coarse, formed the artistic idea of which elegant vulgar altogether melts. Formed his prose to be high-quality goods characteristic which means elusive and deep, concise and fine, skillful, lofty and does not evade popular, order and changeful.Fourth part is Zhang Dai's prose creation, elaborates his creation characteristic from the biography article and the short essay two aspects. Biography article divides into history biography article and the memorial ceremony article. The history and biography article follows "ShiJi"style, the union of biography and discusses, regardless of commending the loyal minister chivalrous person, denouncing severely the crafty villain, or reviewing literature entertainer, all contains the sentiment, has thickly lyric color. The memorial ceremony article "not distorted surface", has both strong points and weak points, real may feel. The short essay by the brief length describing mountains and rivers scenery, recording the honorable person, reappearing folk custom character and style. Scenery sketch perform natural exquisite thorough beauty, gentle silencing beauty, white wave pale far beauty, profound graceful beauty, all these beauty are source from people and the nature live in harmony. The character sketch unfolds character's true feelings, the mental outlook and the intrinsic makings, with the different current esthetic judgment, writes beauty by the clown, excavates character's mind beauty, intrinsic beauty. The custom sketch reappears the grand lively scene informer days, and by the contrast of today's bleak and chilly and former days' extraordinary jollification, expressed his perish pain of the country.