Modern Industry Organizations And Historical Change

The paper studied the transition of craft organizations in modern China, described the situation of all kinds of craft organizations in that time. Then the paper made comparisons among them and tried the best to reveal their roles in modern Chinese society in which the craft organizations succeeded as a whole.The paper consists of six sections. Its first four sections described the different craft organizations of the guild and the chamber of commerce separately, mainly dissussed their won origins, functions and different performances in modern China. The craft organizations' appearances, functions and changes in modern times were the main three problems discussed. The guild originated in the Sui-Tang dynasty, developed in the Song dynasty, became a relatively sound craft organization in the Ming-Qing dynasty, during which time, because of the great progress in economics, some new patterns of the guild appeared. Under the new situation, they had their own characteristics and functions. However, the had some in common. After the opium war, the new patterns of guild entered into newly developing stage. Because the social specialization had been the main stream of history development, the new patterns of guild were replaced by other newer patterns, one of which was the chamber of commerce. From tis organization forms, activities and functions we can see that it linked the traditional guild with the modernity and made contributions to China's modernization.The fifth section is the review among those comparisons. I made comparison of the evolutions in modern times among all kinds of craft organizations, and revealed their internal successions and changes as a whole under the background of modernization. In this part, I used the "civil society" theory, and directed by it to find that in the civil society economics with civil society characteristics, the guild organization had formed a relatively loose and free field. In such field, the citizens daily livings and economic manufacture were not only connected the administrations to some extent, but also had obvious self-adjusting capacity, showed different societies' feature. But we must acknowledge that the modern China's civil society is different from the western. By using this theory, it supplied us a chance to observe modern China multiangularly dan multiplexly. These preliminary grasp had been summurised in the sixth section.