Civil Society Organizations’ Response To Flood And Drought Disasters And Their Geographical Characteristics In The Upper Yangtze River In Late Qing And Republican China(1876-1949)

The upper reaches of the Yangtze River belong to the part of the Yangtze River from the source of Geladan Dongxue Mountain in Tanggula Mountains to Yichang in Hubei province,The main water systems are: Chuan River,Jinsha River,Min River,Tuo River,Jialing River,Wu River,most of which flow through southwest Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing and other provinces and cities of our country,After reform and opening up,the western development,the "Belt and Road" and other national key policies are implemented in this area,the upper Yangtze River area becomes an important economic zone,But this area is affected by the terrain,numerous rivers,since ancient times frequent flood and drought disasters.The academic community has always attached great importance to disaster research,and Non-governmental organization are an indispensable force in disaster response.However,the research on disaster response of Non-governmental organization is relatively weak.This paper intends to sort out the disaster response problems of Non-governmental organization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and analyze their regional characteristics,so as to provide constructive suggestions for disaster response in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and promote the economic development of the region.In order to analyze the disaster response situation and regional characteristics of Non-governmental organization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the author mainly analyzes and researches from the following aspects:The first chapter mainly analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of flood and drought disasters in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.We can know:First,floods are more frequent than droughts,which occur more often in the same year.Secondly,flood and drought disasters show significant seasonal characteristics.Flood occurs in summer and autumn,drought occurs in spring and summer.Summer is the frequent season of flood and drought disasters.Thirdly,the spatial distribution of flood and drought disasters in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River during the Republic of China was not balanced,and most of them occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and in the Sichuan Basin.Fourthly,flood and drought disasters occurred in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the period of the Republic of China.The second chapter mainly summarizes the Non-governmental organization and measures to deal with flood and drought disasters in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Firstly,it analyzes that before the end of the Qing Dynasty,most of the Civil society organizations were religious and guild halls.After the Ding Wu Qi shortage in the end of the Qing Dynasty,the Civil society organizations gradually transformed and carried out large-scale disaster response across regions.Secondly,it sorted out all the Non-governmental organization involved in disaster relief in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,including those established for a long time or temporarily,as well as other Non-governmental organization involved in disaster relief,such as charity and religion.Finally,according to the selected typical cases,it summarizes the measures for Non-governmental organization to cope with disasters,which are mainly to raise relief funds,work relief and so on.The third chapter mainly analyzes the regional characteristics of Non-governmental organization’ response to flood and drought disasters in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Firstly,it analyzes the regional differences in disaster response measures of civil organizations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and concludes:First,the Minjiang,Tuojiang,Jialing and Chuanjiang Rivers have the largest number of Civil society organizations engaged in disaster relief;Second,the relief measures of Civil society organizations in the middle reaches of the Minjiang,Tuojiang,Jialing and Sichuan Rivers have been improved;Second,Civil society organizations in the middle reaches of the Minjiang,Tuojiang,Jialing and Sichuan Rivers are more effective than the official government in disaster relief.Secondly,it analyzes the regional differences in disaster response measures between the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the Yellow River Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and draws the following conclusions:first,the influence and scale of non-governmental organizations in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are inferior to those in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin;Secondly,Civil society organizations’ disaster response measures in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are not as perfect as those in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basin.Third,the role of non-governmental organizations in disaster response in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is less than that in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basin.Then,it is concluded that the reason of this difference is the result of natural geographical environment,population density and economic development.Finally,according to the rules and characteristics of the summary,the paper puts forward relevant suggestions for disaster response in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,that is,according to the temporal and spatial characteristics and regional differences of flood and drought disasters in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,the prevention,relief and post-disaster response work...