| Baoding is located in the GyeonggiProvince, the northern region has always been the political center and economic center, cultural center, a strong feudal ideology, the traditional business also more prosperous and developed.during the new deal in the late Qing and the Northern, Baoding is one of the earliest onset, Baoding's social economy began the transition from traditional to morden, but still main traditional tone: by the impact of the rise in Tianjin, Baoding and political status declined. In this context, Baoding Association was born.This article is divided into five chapters:The first chapter IntroductionChapter II Baoding chamber of commerce and the establishment of the situation before the war This chapter discusses the three issues, namely, the reasons for the establishment of Baoding chamber of commerce and businesses organizations which to understand the traditional line of Baoding, Baoding chamber of commerce , with the relationship. Chamber of commerce set up in Baoding ,the official advised to do played a leading role, but the traditional merchant Baoding Office official advised enthusiastic response, both of which played an important role.Chamber of Commerce , the Qing government as the product of learning from the west , is mandatory system of government from top to bottom arrangement, and Baoding traditional merchant's reaction was positive and enthusiastic. Baoding Chamber of Commerce is the traditional merchants, gentry actively promoted, and the line will be based in Baoding established, its function is also largely dependent on the Baoding play guild .Seen guild Baoding , Baoding Chamber of Commerce and a close relationship, rather than the traditional one or the other—modern relationship model.Second, the Qing Dynasty, Baoding ,operation and organization of chambers of commerce as the center of the lending relationship with the Government Chamber of Commerce. Baoding frequency calamity as chaos, capital issue has always plagued the business community a central issue in Baoding. To“borrowing”as the center, to explore the relationship between Baoding Chamber of Commerce and the Government is undoubtedly of great research value of a perspective. Prince largest borrower after the munity, Baoding Chamber of Commerce has taken the modern mode of economic operation (to alcohol and tobacco taxes as collateral loans)as a program strategy to achieve the purpose of borrowing and the use of the motion to the provincial parliament that a new system model, has also taken A personal relationship with a special channel for the expression of these informal and achieved considerable success.Zhili rules also did not take the traditional“command-control”the feudal pattern of administration, but take a formal system of interaction between expression patterns and Baoding Chamber of Commerce ,there is clear is that both sides in the form of contracts in accordance with the operation of modern times. Around the“borrowing”the central event, you can also see Baoding Chamber of Commerce and the Government's“super- law”the interests of the co-operation. The interests of such co-operation of the state power in the time of the introduction of Western formal system of a local society to the adjustment of china, in the late Qing period of social transformation, the legal system and the traditional practices of conflict interaction, based on the interests of such a cooperation, so that Both sides win-win .Third , of the national Government, Baoding Chamber of Commerce and National Government. Baoding is the national government after the Second Expedition into the scope of its rule, prior to the KMT, and there is no power in Baoding. Second Northern Expedition, the National Government will rule in its range of Baoding, Baoding, but in the implementation, the implementation of its policy, in large part rely on the impact of Baoding and the role of chambers of commerce, the two sides is close interaction, Baoding Chamber of Commerce ,autonomy , independence and other activities in space is the National Government protect the institutional arrangements, such as the National Government in the form of legal recognition of the legal status of Baoding Chamber of Commerce. Chamber of Commerce through the National Government and the interaction between Baoding ,for as previously thought,“Chamber of Commerce , the National Government was stifled by the dictatorship”of point of view given amendment.Chapter III Chamber of Commerce of Baoding during the fall of this chapter, which focused on two issues, namely, after the fall of Baoding , Baoding Chamber of Commerce ,Association of Japanese puppet government implements the policy response. Puppet Government requested Baoding Association, the Association quickly resume business, recovery organizations, and Baoding Chamber of Commerce, Association of the response is positive and warm. In this process, We can see Baoding merchants in the complex process industries, in particular, stressed that he is the legal authority to require associations in negotiations with the government within the law. This is not to explain the political participation of business awareness? This paper argues that this is a business survival strategy of seeking to protect themselves from the political awareness does not matter. Puppet Government in accordance with the National Government before the National Chamber of Commerce Act to determine the structure of trade associations, trade unions the legal status, recognition of its corporate status, the surface is given to the merchant autonomy, independence of the system space, and the Chamber of Commerce, the cost is to be such institutional arrangements the bondage, coerced.The second problem is with the Baoding Baoding New people Association relationship. Baoding New People will be“the spirit of New People”?“liberation of East Asia”and other so-called“legality”slogan and the organization of Baoding from the Chamber of Commerce ,Association of infiltration, the success of the bondage of the Baoding Chamber of Commerce ,voicing support for the Japanese invasion of China.Chapter IV Chamber of Commerce of Baoding during the fall ,This chapter discusses the economic control in the Japanese puppet regime, Baoding Chamber of Commerce, the status of relations with the Japanese puppet regime change and the puppet government of Baoding cooperation with the Japanese Chamber of motivation. This chapter of“social control”theory as an analytical tool to explore the Japanese puppet regime's relationship with the Chamber of Commerce of Baoding.Plundering resources for war service in China, is the war against China launched by Japan's fundamental purpose.To this end, Japan in addition to rule based on the use of force, bur also make full use of Baoding Chamber of Commerce , for flexible control. Control system in Japan , the Japanese puppet regime and Baoding Chamber of Commerce is one-way relationship between the mandatory control, However, since1942, Japan started the Pacific war, the resources have been plundered in North China, Japan unrestricted hard currency is not the slightest security issue Union Bank of securities, resulting in soaring prices,so that the puppet regime in North China into a deadly threat. Response to the crisis, Japanese puppet regime in North China attached great importance to the role of chambers of commerce. Price third chapter in the North China Declaration on the establishment committee, constitution , membership from and other elements of the analysis, the specified price Cooperation Committee was established in North China, the Japanese puppet regime dependent on the Chamber of Commerce produces the symbol of the Japanese puppet regime change in the relationship with the Chamber of Commerce has created an opportunity to : From the date of the puppet regime of one-way Baoding Chamber of Commerce, began a mandatory change of control, Japanese puppet regime dependent on the Chamber of Commerce greatly enhanced Baoding, Baoding Chamber of autonomy , the right to speak greatly improved, thereby enhancing the fight for their own interests Weight, resulting in Baoding Chamber of Commerce at the puppet government and a more complex trapped in the interaction pattern.The second issue is the control system, Baoding Chamber of Commerce co-operation with the Japanese puppet government motives. This chapter Baoding Association of Hong actively participate in the Japanese hotel industry portfolio to illustrate how the business community to actively cooperate with Japan, Baoding, to“price”for the center, through Baoding Chamber of Commerce, Association of multiple games with the Japanese puppet government, of Baoding, the purpose of business for his own Various strategies to business insight Baoding cooperation with the Japanese puppet government motives. This paper argues that , Baoding business cooperation with the Puppet , resistance worth mentioning, which is based around the central issue of“interest”as the core principle of survival.Chapter V conclusion Pointed out that in modern Chinese society frequent political changes, the Chamber of Commerce and the many different political tangle produced by its focus on the fundamental point of concern is still the“statement made by commercial operators”, the Chinese businessmen's interest demands, Chamber of Commerce with the Government , protest ,in fact, are based on a consideration of the interests of survival.With the system in the controlled economy, businessmen and puppet authorities the reason why is because in this system, the majority of economic resources controlled by the authorities, merchants only and Puppet authorities to be able to get some space and profit from operating activities Space to meet the demands of business interests . |
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