Early Qing Dynasty Mukden Eight Banners Nobility

During the history of Qing Dynasty, Eight Banner maharaja patricianswho had attributed much to the establishment of Qing Dynasty wereflourishing. After 1644, there were still a large number of Eight Bannermaharaja patricians in Shengjing, "the Second Capital" of Qing Dynasty. Inthe historical course of more than 200 years, they had been flourishing, anddecadent as well. However, the main trend was their social status becameweakened gradually. In the first place, the thesis generalizes the formal course of EightBanner maharaja patricians and their attributions to the establishment ofQing Dynasty. Meanwhile the thesis analyzes the reason and process of theexistence of Eight Banner maharaja patricians in Shengjing after 1644.Then the thesis discusses their diversification trend of the social status ofEight Banner maharaja patricians. In political aspect, through narratingtheir administer organization, rank of nobility, salary and punishmentsystem, the thesis analyzes the diversification trend of their politicalprivilege and status, and the character of govern policy by QingGovernment. In economic aspect, the thesis mainly discusses thediversification process of their soil possession and management method.After middle period of Qing Dynasty, the proprietorship of soil waschanged from patrician to fresh landholder, and management method waschanged from slavery to tenancy. Differentiation of rich and poor ofmaharaja patricians also appeared: some rounded into fresh force such ascommerce patrician landholders, while some underlayer patricians wereforced to sell soil and tended toward decline. In cultural aspect, EightBanner maharaja patricians held dominant station, and emerged behavedprominently in imperial examinations. But in the sequel, they antiquated iiitraditional Manchu culture gradually, and took leaning Hanzu culture asglory, which led conduce induce the gradual dilapidation of Manchulanguage and ride-toxophily. Manchu Nationality transformed fromtraditional fishing-hunting economy to agricultural economy, superstructure,as the corresponding to economic base, developed toward the advanceHanzu culture, which is the necessity of history and should be affirmedsufficiently. In the end, the thesis analyzes the cultural amalgamation of Manchuand Hanzu by discussing the rule of social status transform of Eight Bannermaharaja patricians. A nationality's culture is the reflection of its economicsubsistence. After 1644, the vanish of Manchu Nationality's language andthe transform of subsistence custom cannot be regarded as the decline ofManchu culture simply, but the advance tool and life style that can makethem subsistent and develop better and express their thoughts more efficient,which is the necessary result of the development of Manchu culture.