| In recent years, great progress has been made in improved water supply and sanitation in the rural areas,and lots of money and labors have been invested by the governments and farmers. Facts indicated thatimproved water supply and sanitation played a crucial role in preventing and controlling the intestinalinfectious diseases. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the relationship between improved watersupply and sanitation and the intestinal infectious diseases.Objective: to know the current situation of the prevalence of the intestinal infectious diseases in HeNanprovince and analyze the relationship between water supply and sanitation and the intestinal infectiousdiseases, then discuss the benefit and cost ratio (BCR) of improved water supply and sanitation onpreventing and controlling of the intestinal infectious diseases so as to provide the appropriate advice forthe government when making the policy.Methods: A number of 13 villages covering 2891 farmers which were obtained with the stratifiedmultistage cluster sampling were investigated with the corresponding questionnaires on the information ofoccurring of the intestinal infectious diseases and the construction, usage and maintenance of water supplyand sanitation etc. Three analysis were performed: a) to compare the incidence rate of the population withdifferent factors of demology, type of water supply, type of toilet, type of drinking-water and excretadisposal model; b) to seek the correlation between the intestinal infectious diseases and improved watersupply and sanitation with the method of rank sum tests and multivariable regression; c) to try to make outthe benefit originate from the reduce of diarrheal diseases due to improved water supply and sanitationwith the method of cost-benefit ratio.Results: 1. A number of 474 person-time occurred diarrheal diseases among 2891 subjects, and the totalincidence rate is 16.40%.2.The incidence rate of the population with centralized water supply (CWS) is 17.72%, while that of thepopulation with decentralized water supply (DWS) is 15.16%.There is no significant difference betweenthem (χ~2= 1.6740, P>0.05). There is also no significant difference among the incidence of the populationrespectively well-water drinking, tap water drinking and barreled water drinking.3.There was significant difference among the incidence rate of the population using different type toilet(χ~2=32.230, p<0.01). The highest incidence rate is that of the population using simples flush latrine.There was significant difference among the incidence rate of the population with different excreta disposalmodel (χ~2=8.65,p<0.05).4.There was significant difference between the incidence rate of the population with the differentdrinking-water habits (χ~2=16.21,P<0.001), and there was significant difference between the incidencerate of the population with washing hands every time before dinner and that of those with washing handssometimes (χ~2=9.99, p<0.01). There was no significant difference among the incidence rates of thepopulation with the different washing hands habits after toilet (χ~2=2.2057, p>0.05). 5. The result of multivariable regression shows that the factors of never drinking un-boiled water, flush latrine, un-leaking toilet, the toilet in house and disposal excreta in the filed directly were entered in the multivariable model and the partial correlate coefficients were respectively -0.08499,-0.37524,-0.04759,0.44944,0.07254.6. There were no significant difference among the incidence rates of villages with different level of improved water supply (χ~2=14.38, p<0.001).7.The economic burden of diarrheal diseases of a person per year is 118.77 yuan RMB, including the directmedical cost 26.08 yuan RMB, the direct non-medical cost 7.68 yuan RMB and indirect cost 85.02 yuanRMB.8.The construction cost per family was 1264.78 yuan RMB, including the cost of water supplyconstruction of the 435.63 yuan RMB and the cost of construction of toilet 829.15 yuan RMB. The cost ofthe complete improved water supply was 1405.15 yuan RMB, including the cost of the water supplyconstruction 578.21 yuan RMB and that of the toilet construction 826.94 yuan RMB. The cost of improvedwater supply per person per year was 3.82 yuan RMB and that of improved toilet per person year was 7.31yuan RMB . The cost of improved water supply and sanitation per person per year was 63.24 yuan RMBso as to realize the completely improved water supply and sanitation in the village.9.The benefit cost ratio (BCR) of improved water supply and sanitation in completely improved villagewas 1.51:1.Conclusions: 1.Family water supply type and drinking-water type make no effect in preventing thediarrheal diseases without the improvement of the water quality.2.Different toilet type and individual health habits could affect the occurrence of the diarrhea, however itwould obviously reduce the effect of the controlling diseases without proper management and usage of thetoilet.3.The level of improved water supply and sanitation in the village play a significant role in the preventingthe incidence of the diarrheal diseases. The higher the degree was made, the lower the incidence rate was.4.It's benefit to prevent the diarrheal diseases if the complete improved water supply and sanitation werecarried out in the rural areas. It also has certain economic benefit, and the benefit cost ratio is about 1.51:1. |
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