Earlier Taoists And The "yellow Emperor", "god" Category

In early philosophical works the concept of "spirit" was an important category forunderstanding phenomenon related to the natural occurrences of the universe and humanlife. Detailed discussions of "spirit" can be found in Pre-Qin Daoist texts and in theHuangdi Neijing. Pre-Qin Daoist texts had a strong influence on Chinese Medicine,therefore analyzing and sorting out the discussions Pre-Qin Daoist texts with respect to"spirit" is conducive to understanding the concept of "spirit" in Chinese Medicine. This thesis categorizes the discussions related to "spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoist texts andthe Huangdi Neijing, summarizes their differences, and finally examines the ways inwhich the category "spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoism and the Huangdi Neijing have mutuallyaffected each other. This thesis is composed of three sections: The first section is the study of the concept "spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoist texts.Analyzing the discussions on "spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoist texts Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi,Wenzi, Guanzi (xinshu, baixin, neiye), Heguanzi, Yiwenzi, it was found that the concept"spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoism has the following five meanings:ghost,the state of dao,spirit ,heart spirit,cabalistic. The second section examines the concept "spirit" in the Huangdi Neijing. Analyzingthe discussions on "spirit" in Huangdi Neijing, it was found that the concept "spirit" hasthe following six meanings: subtle changes in yin yang, spirit, spirit of the five organsystems, heart spirit, ghost.,cabalistic. The third section is a comparative study of the category "spirit" in Pre-Qin Daoisttexts and the Huangdi Neijing. Comparison of the meanings of "spirit", led us to see thatthe meanings are very closely related. On one hand, Huangdi Neijing used thephilosophical meaning of "spirit", while on the other hand extended the meaning of"spirit" to include discussions related to the human body. The philosophical concept of"spirit" was reflected onto the body, thereby providing an example of how a philosophical英文摘要 3concept can successfully be applied to the natural sciences. The differences in the meanings of "spirit" in the two areas of textual study were thestarting point for the discussions, and their main points of emphasis. In Pre-Qin Daoism,the concept of "ghost" served as the starting point for the meaning of "spirit", which thenextended to include other meanings. In the Huangdi Neijing, however, the starting pointfor the discussions on "spirit" is the "subtle changes in yin yang", and the discussionsemphasize "spirit of the person", therefore it is more inclined toward using the concept of"spirit" to analyze such topics as human physiology, pathology, and treatment, and holds acritical views towards the meaning "ghost". Finally, this thesis made an inquiry into the questions surrounding the category of"spirit", which include discussions concerning the relationship between "spirit" and"form"; "spirit" and "qi";"essence", "spirit", and "qi"; and "spirit of the five organsystems" and "heart spirit".