Tourism Environmental Impact, Effect And Scenic Impact,

Tourism environment is a kind of important tourism resources, which is fundamental to the development of tourism. Since the 1980s, with the rapid development of the domestic tourism industry, environment issues have become increasingly obvious. However, our domestic study on tourism environment is still lagging behind, comparing with abroad. At present, study only is confined to one tourism region within a single environmental factor; comparative studies between different area are lacking.This paper takes Gongqing Forest Park in Yang Pu District, Chongming Dongping National Forest Park and Angels Beach Resort in Heng Sha Island as examples. Adopting the combination methods of comparative analysis, and quantitative analysis, it takes soil, vegetation, water in the three zones as the research objects. On the base of the analysis on environmental impact, it uses the method of principal component analysis to evaluate environmental indicators of soil, water environment, and to contrast the extent of the impact internal and external scenic spots, at the same time, makes correlation analysis between vegetation and soil environment, to find interference characteristics on the soil - vegetation system. The results of the study go as follow:(1)Tourism development brings a large impact on soil. Both available phosphorus and potassium are complex, they have no obvious response to the tourism activities. Correlation analysis shows that there is an notable association among pH, organic matter and nitrogen content.Principal component analysis is an effective method to evaluate soil environmental quality and to compare the intensity of environmental impact. In all, the soil environment of Gongqing Forest Park is the worst affected, followed by Dongping National Forest Park, Angel Beach Resort. This result is related to location, traffic accessibility, the number of visitors, scenic areas. The internal analysis shows that activity areas has the worst soil quality, followed by buffer zones, and the background. To be pointed out is that soil buffer area in the Angels Beach Resort is affected by chemical fertilizers, so its quality is superior to the background. The analysis on small scale shows that, the concentration of tourists sample such as trails, rest, wedding photography, as well as tourism activities concentrated sample on, such as the Hua caochang, wilderness park, were heavily affected, which provide a basis on management of the park district.(2)The number of species and vegetation cover was in varying degrees by the impact. Vegetation changing in the environment will ultimately reflect on the soil environment. Through analyzing it finds that under the influence of tourism activities, changing in the quality of the soil will cause changes in vegetation cover, the cover is further reflected in the changes in soil quality.(3)Overall, the impact on the water environment in Gongqing Forest Park is the largest, followed by the Angels Beach Resort, Dongping National Forest Park. Water environment impact is related to the style and strength of the activities and with the water areas self-purification ability. With the increased intensity of tourism activities, the trend of deterioration is obvious; and the quality of the waters varies in degrees of impact, the emission of pollutants on water environment has the greatest impact, such as barbecue areas and villas in Gong Qing Forest Park, but the activities of cruise ships and fishing areas, has the smaller impact.