Studies On The Impact Of Tourism Development And Utilization On Ecological Environment In Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve

Wuling Mountain is the main peak of the Yanshan mountain range, is of drinking water sources of Beijing and Tianjin, known as the "species gene pool in North China", If the environmental impact caused by Wuling Mountain tourism exceed its environmental capacity, will inevitably bring about many negative effects. The tourism environment is the basis of tourism resources, also a prerequisite for the development of tourism. At present, the rapid development of tourism enables a large increase in the ecological damage and environmental pollution.Tourism-related environmental impact research still lags behind in comparison with foreign countries, generally limited to a small number of environmental factors in research. In this paper, Hebei Province, Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve for the study area, through cluster analysis, analysis of variance, non-parametric test and Nemero pollution index used for analysis ecological environment impact caused by tourism, research results show that:(1) Soil environment:①Soil physical properties,soil-like clay in spots were higher than those Reference plots, showing a clear massive structure, hardness increased, shallow soil color, the abundance of plant roots and water content decreased significantly.②The soil heavy metal ,pollution index of reference plots change in between 0.58～1.55, pollution levels between 1～3, which is safe, the warning line or light pollution; Spot plots change in between 0.62～2.01, pollution levels between 1～4, which is safe, the warning line, light pollution or moderate pollution; There was a significant effect, caused by tourism activities, produced in As and Cu.(2)Water environment:①comprehensive pollution index, the low season, between 0.97～5.81, covering all the pollution Level (1～5); Strong season, in addition to Qiankun waterfall, the integrated pollution index for the case of light pollution(1.90), all other points for severe pollution.②There was a significant effect, caused by tourism activities , produced in NH₃-N,TP.(3)Vegetation:①The appropriate degree of tourism activities increase plant species, corresponding moderate interference hypothesis;α-diversity is divided into 3 categories,β-diversity divided into 4 types; There was significant difference for theα-diversity, quadrat 1 or 2 with other quadrats on 4 measure indicators;②Trees and shrubs, The degree or rate of injury with the trees, which has relations with the roughness of bark and the distance from the edge of travel trail; Broken branches of shrubs took mainly place in the the species of strong view, the injury occurred mainly at the high from the ground at 1.2～1.7m.(4) Wildlife: The wild animals have been seriously affected in protected areas.①Birds in vulture, black woodpecker has been a greater impact on the overall, the impact of various degree of inter-closer, in 12 kinds of bird survey also not one kind disappeared;②Monkey, black bear, leopard, wolf and red fox in mammals have been seriously affected, significant differences between species. 13 kinds of wild animals in investigation, the monkeys have disappeared in the protected areas;③Reptiles have been most affected, the eight kinds of reptiles in investigation, two kinds of snake have disappeared from protected areas.Through the above-mentioned analysis and evaluation of factors on the ecological environment in environmental impact. On the one hand, can provide the basis for development and management, as well as for the further environmental impact research of Wuling Mountain tourism lay the foundation. On the other hand for environmental impact studies on other mountain-based tourism destinations to provide some reference in the theoretical framework and research methods.