| Background and objectiveTransitional cell carcinoma of bladder is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system. The incidence rate of carcinoma of bladder goes up graduately in recent years. The major histopathological category of carcinoma of bladder is transitional cell carcinoma, accounting for about 90%.The biological behaviors of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer is complex and changeable,and its main character is invasion and infiltrative.The transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder cancer is easily to implant and relapse. Each year about 15 million people died of carcinoma of bladder, accounting for the twelveth in fatal cancer, its pathogenesis is unclear now. Tenascin C is one fraction of neotype extracellular matrix (ECM) in recent years. Mainly involved in the process of embryogenesis, tumor generation and enhancement, tissue repair and fibrosis and cell senescence. Matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) is also known as gelatinase B or type IV collagenase, it can dissolve collagenVI which is the main ingredient of extracellular matrix and basement membrane and make the tumor cells break their original parts to bring about the invasion and metastasis. The objective of this study was design to investigate the expressions of TN-C, MMP-9 and Annexin A2 in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and their possible correlations, in order to give theoretical guidance to the diagnosis, monitoring, therapy and prognosis of the human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Materials and methods1. Using the technology of immunohistochemistry (SP) to detect the expressions of TN-C,MMP-9,Annexin A2 proteins in the 55 samples of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (according to pathologic staging, stageⅠ8 cases, stageⅡ22 cases, stageⅢ25 cases),22 samples from glandular cystitis and 11 samples from nomal bladder tissues. Bladder cancer samples were obtained from surgically resected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during 2008. All these cancers specimens were diagnosed pathologically. The expression and relationship of TN-C, MMP-9 and Annexin A2 with clinicopathologic factors and the relationship and the associativity of TN-C, MMP-9 and Annexin A2 were statistical analysis.2. Statistical analysis:All the datas were analyzed by the software SPSS 13.0 statistical software package. The comparison of positive rates uses the Chi-square; the correlation of two variables is analyzed by the Spearman's correlation analysis. The text level of significant difference is a=0.05.Results1. The positive expression rate of TN-C protein was 18.18%(2/11) in normal bladder tissues,36.36%(8/22) in glandular cystitis tissues,74.55%(41/55) in the carcinoma of bladder tissues. The positive expression rate of TN-C protein in the carcinoma of bladder tissues was significantly more than that in normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues. The differences were statistically significant. The comparison between the group of normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues was no statistically significant. The expression of TN-C protein in cancer tissues were associated with tumor stage and infiltration, but no associated with the patients'sex and age. The positive expression rate of TN-C protein in the male group was 77.08%(37/48),and was 57.14%(4/7) in the female group, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of TN-C protein in the group with patient's age≥50 years was 73.33%(33/45),and 80.00%(8/10) in the group with patients'age<50 years, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of TN-C protein was 37.50%(3/8) in the group with tumor stage I,68.18%(15/22) in the group with tumor stageⅡ,and 92.00%(23/25) in the group with tumor stage III, The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.The positive expression rate of TN-C protein was 37.50%(3/8) in the group with no tumor infiltration,66.67%(16/24) in the group with tumor infiltration in superficial muscle,and 95.65%(22/23)in prefound muscle. The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.2. The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein was 36.36%(4/11)in normal bladder tissues,45.45%(10/22) in glandular cystitis tissues,85.45%(47/55) in the carcinoma of bladder tissues. The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein in the carcinoma of bladder tissues was significantly more than that in normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues. The differences were statistically significant. The comparison between the group of normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues was no statistically significant. The expression of MMP-9 protein in cancer tissues were associated with tumor stage and infiltration, but no associated with the patients'sex and age. The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein in the male group was 85.42%(41/48),and was 85.71%(6/7) in the female group, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein in the group with patients'age≥50 years was 86.67%(39/45),and 80.00% (8/10) in the group with patients'age<50 years, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein was 62.50%(5/8) in the group with tumor stage I,81.82%(18/22) in the group with tumor stageⅡ,and 96.00%(24/25) in the group with tumor stageⅢ, The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.The positive expression rate of MMP-9 protein was 50.00%(4/8)in the group with no tumor infiltration,83.33%(20/24)in the group with tumor infiltration in superficial muscle,and 100.00%(23/23) in prefound muscle. The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.3. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein was 18.18%(2/11) in normal bladder tissues,40.91%(9/22) in glandular cystitis tissues,76.36%(42/55) in the carcinoma of bladder tissues. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein in the carcinoma of bladder tissues was significantly more than that in normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues. The differences were statistically significant. The comparison between the group of normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues was no statistically significant. The expression of Annexin A2 protein in cancer tissues were associated with tumor stage and infiltration, but no associated with the patients'sex and age. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein in the male group was 79.17%(38/48),and was 57.14%(4/7) in the female group, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein in the group with patients'age≥50 years was 80.00% (36/45),and 60.00%(6/10) in the group with patients'age<50 years, the difference was no statistically significant. The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein was 37.50%(3/8) in the group with tumor stage I,72.73%(16/22) in the group with tumor stage II, and 92.00%(23/25) in the group with tumor stage III, The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.The positive expression rate of Annexin A2 protein was 37.50%(3/8) in the group with no tumor infiltration,79.17%(19/24) in the group with tumor infiltration in superficial muscle,and 86.96%(20/23) in prefound muscle. The comparison during the three groups was statistically significant.4. There was a positive correlation between the expression of TN-C protein and MMP-9 protein in papillary bladder cancer tissues (r=0.351,P<0.05)5. There was a positive correlation between the expression of TN-C protein and Annexin A2 protein in papillary bladder cancer tissues (r=0.756,P<0.05)6. There was a positive correlation between the expression of MMP-9 protein and Annexin A2 protein in papillary bladder cancer tissues (r=0.499,P<0.05)Conclusions1. The expression of TN-C, MMP-9, Annexin A2 proteins in papillary bladder cancer were stronger than normal bladder tissues and glandular cystitis tissues. And all of these three proteins'expressions have gradually increased from normal tissues, glandular cystitis tissues to malignant tumors. It suggests that TN-C, MMP-9, Annexin A2 proteins may be involved in the development and occurrence of carcinoma of urinary bladder.2. With the increase of the tumor stage and the degree of tumor infiltration,the expressions of TN-C, MMP-9, Annexin A2 proteins have gradually increased. It suggests that TN-C, MMP-9, Annexin A2 proteins may be involved in the progress of tumor invasion and muscle destruction.3. The correlations between every two proteins of TN-C, MMP-9, Annexin A2 protein expressions in papillary bladder cancer were positive. It suggests that the expressions of these three proteins appear to be involved in tissue remodelling during tumour formation and invasion. |
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