Lightning Monitoring Data Acquisition System Design

Lightning disaster, as a natural disaster, has been a thread to human life and property. As its harzards prevalent on a global scale, the lightning reaserch and protection is of very important significance. The lightning monitoring data acquisition system, as the foundation of thunder monitoring research and protection, take surveys of the physical parameter of the thunder as its basic task, provides the solid scientific support for thorough thunder mechanism research, graphic weather material and early warning.A lightning monitoring data acquisition system is proposed in this thesis for time-difference location and classification. The system uses GPS time, location information and 1 PPS signal to establish unified monitoring points, the precise time reference and relative position relations. High-precision 1 PPS signal of GPS is used to calibrate the sampling clock of the data acquisition card, provide the highly synchronized sampling clock signal for the data acquisition system. Pulse peak acquisition algorithm constructed in FPGA is used to extract peak characteristics of lightning envelope signal real time under high sampling rate, reduced the data quantity and the following processing difficulty. For the low-frequency electric field signal, data segment gathering method is used to achieve continuous data acquisition and storage while reducing the data quantity, and provide the data basis for lightning classification. With the assistance of Internet, it is possible to control the remote monitoring station and download the collected data.Through the exprimental test and practical application, the sysnchronize performance of the system and the accurte extracting performance of the pulse peak characteristic have been proved.