| Since the 1980s, with economic globalization's rapid development and the international competition becoming more intense, transnational corporations have changed their way of concentrating on the R&D activity in the motherland, there is a phenomenon of R&D globalization, along with which is the international shift and proliferation of the developed technology and the innovation. Our country is the biggest foreign capital absorption country in the world, simultaneously it is also one of the countries which transnational corporations have put their R&D investment in. After our country joins WTO, the transnational corporations have further enlarged in the Chinese investment intensity. Coming to China to set up the R&D centers in our country has become a new hot for transnational corporations to carry on the investment. And at present ,our country has also become one of the important bases for transnational corporations to carry on the R&D investment. How to make full use of the R&D investment of transnational corporations in such a turning point to display its positive effects fully, while suppressing its negative effects, guaranteeing that our country can maximum the profits from the R&D investment of transnational corporations in China is an important topic which is worthy of studying. Therefore, to make study on the phenomenon of R&D investment of transnational corporations in China systematically, and start the discussion on the influence of this activity have a very important theoretical and practical significance.Along with unceasing development, our country has had the science and technology resources superiority and the good investment and technological innovation environment, R&D organization of transnational corporation which are established in China increase gradually. Presently, R&D globalization only has two main forms ,namely to set up the overseas R&D organization and to set up the R&D strategic alliance. Now the characteristics of transnational corporations R&D investments in Our country Enterprise are mainly: The research spending is more sufficient, the transnational corporations are in favor of establishing the R&D organization in the sole ownership; The quality of the employees is high; The investment profession distribution is centralized; The R&D investment changes the dispersion gradually in the region by the high degree of concentration; Put emphasis on the applied research, and also pay attention to the basic research. Through the analysis, this article argue that the target that transnational corporation choose to make R&D investment in China mainly displays in the following aspects: Adapt to Chinese market demand, enhance the international industrial competitiveness of the corporations; make use of Chinese technical resources, reduce R&D cost; Develop the dissemination and the communication channel of advanced technology; Adapt to the Chinese government policy requirments. Start from the late-1990s, the transnational corporation rapidly increased their R&D organizations in China, not only quantity, but moreover in the Chinese research and development project's level , and the innovation research and development's content was increasing unceasingly, some of the technology developed by these R&D centers have already achieved the advanced standard in the same profession globally.In a word,transnational corporation unceasingly enhances research and development project level of R&D investment to our country, and the investment gradually change to the knowledge kind.Transnational corporations start the conformity in the R&D organization and the service, and enlarges investment in the mid-west area.With the development of transnational corporation's R&D investment in China, its effects bring to our country technological innovation ability also come to the attention. This article has summarized the most primary factors affecting Technological innovation in our country, and these factors were shown as followed: (1) The intrinsic attributes of R&D organizations of transnational corporations, such as R&D investment in each year. The quantity and the quality of R&D personnels, nature of R&D, way of R&D, the status and the function locating in the parent company's whole world of R&D network system (2) Relationship between the transnational corporation R&D organizations and enterprises in our country, this kind of relationship mainly refers to the localized level of the transnational corporation R&D organization, such as the higher managements with Chinese nationality, quantity and accounts for the proportion of the technical personnel and staff's, cooperation degree with the Chinese local R&D organizations, the paper and the application number of patents published in China and so on. (3)The attribute factors of Chinese native organizations, which mainly refer to the absorption digestion ability of Chinese local enterprises, the scientific research institutes and universities, as well as guidance and management level of the government management departments and so on. The above factors act together, by way of technological transfer, technological diffusion as well as technological creation to make function on technological innovation of our country enterprises. And its influencing channels are mainly through the demonstration and the imitation effect, the relation effect, the human capital flow effect, the technological outsourcing and the cooperation as well as the innovation accumulative effect and so on.The transnational corporations set up the R&D organizations in China, and carry on the investment, those activities will surely have the certain extent influence on our country's economy particularly on enterprise's technological innovation ability in our country. This article carries on the analysis from two aspects including the positive effects and the negative effect, and we do believe that R&D activity of transnational corporations in China will produce the following effects: It will accelerate its technology transfer speed to China; It is advantageous for the Chinese domestic enterprises to obtain the advanced technology, reduce the technology aquisition cost; Make up the Chinese R&D investment insufficiency; Bring in the advanced R&D experience for China; Guide a correct development way for the Chinese science and technology; It is advantageous in promoting the technological innovation ability promotion of the Chinese enterprises; It can promote the high-technology industry and the manufacturing industry industrial level in China; It can promote transnational corporation's related enterprise's technological level; It can cultivate talents for scientific innovation in China and so on.However, while bringing the enormous benefits for the Chinese enterprises and even the Chinese economy, the transnational corporations will also have some negative effects in the Chinese R&D activity, for example: Produce the effect of squeezing out; affect the independency and the technical security of Chinese scientific innovation; resulting in problems about technology rights; The Chineseenterprise will thrust to the more intense environment of technological innovation competition; transnational corporation will carry on"technical locking"to China; Accelerate the Brain drain in China and so on..In view of the above effect analysis, this article will conduct the empirical study on the influence that transnational corporation's R&D investment to China. According to the general research technique, we use the Total Factor Productivity (TFP)as the index of technology advancement, and use model about influence R&D, the human capital on the technology advancement to make empirical study. Carry on the regression analysis using the SPSS software, and conclusions have been drawn as follows:The R&D investment of transnational corporation is an important factor that can obviously affect the technology advancement in our country.The domestic R&D investment and that from transnational corporation's international technological spillover will do good to technology advancement in our country, and the human capital also has the promoting function. According to empirical analysis's result as well as the transnational corporation's R&D investment condition in China, countermeasures have been given from macroscopic and the microscopic angles to promote technological innovation of enterprise in our country.Above all, this article takes R&D investment of transnational corporation in China as a fundamental research object. The important analysis is of transnational corporation R&D investment's influence on Chinese enterprise technological innovation.The whole text is divided into seven parts. The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduce the topic background of this article, the significance and correlative theories and literature summaries, as well as content and method used in this article. Chapter two mainly carries on explanation for the core conceptions and the correlative theories. Clarify the conceptions of R&D and R&D globalization and so on.It has analyzed the R&D globalization theory,technological innovation and technological spillover theory, and introduced relationships between R&D and the technological innovation. Chapter three carries on research on present situation and the motivation of transnational corporation R&D investment in China.It introduces the present situation, the form and the characteristics of transnational corporation R&D investment in the China and summaries the trend of development.Chapter four makes research on influence of R&D investment of transnational corporations on the Chinese technological innovation,carrying on the thorough analysis from the positive effects and the negative effects. Chapter five, constructing the data model, and using concrete data to carry on the empirical analysis .Chapter six is mainly in view of empirical analysis's result, proposing suggestion to promote enterprise technological innovation ability in our country from two angles of government and the enterprise. In the end,we carry on the summary statement. |
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