| At present, China has entered a era of " nurturing agriculture by industry" ,the financial support for agriculture, as an important measure of " nurturing agriculture by industry " can study the factors of institutions which constraint the improvement of the efficiency of the financial support for agriculture and take a significant role of accelerating the step of construction of new rural.First of all, the basic idea of this study will lie on describing and analysis the size and structure of the two aspects of the current situation of China's financial support for agriculture, and then, on the evaluating scale and efficiency of financial support for agriculture, structural efficiency and overall effectiveness. The method is used on the scale and efficiency of the main income of farmers is to use financial support for agriculture elasticity of financial support for agriculture and agricultural GDP elasticity. The point of view is that China's current financial support for agriculture and the total trend is far from satisfying the increasing income of the farmers, agricultural GDP growth the need for capital and the scale of China's financial support for agriculture ineffectiveness. Due to the highly relevant of financial support for agriculture in different parts, it is difficult to distinguish between the various parts of the agricultural GDP role in the structure of financial support for agriculture efficiency of the study mainly taken a qualitative approach. From China to the objectives of financial support for agriculture, agricultural support on the financial structure of the four parts of the development of agricultural production purposes that a reasonable proportion of the financial support for agriculture: Agricultural Capital expenditures, The science technology promotion funds is used to support rural production and agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, and meteorological departments expenditure spending to support rural relief expenses. However, at present China's agricultural support structure is a large deviation, and support rural production sectors such as agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, and meteorological proportion of the expenditure spending too much, and agriculture and capital expenditure by spending too small the science technology promotion funds that China's financial support for agriculture the structure of ineffectiveness. Finally, the standard of China's financial on the overall benefits of supporting agriculture is used to evaluate fiscal support for agriculture overall efficiency. The point of view is that China's financial support for agriculture over the past 10 years the overall effectiveness of a downward trend, which has entered our country "to fill agricultural workers" era is not in line with. This paper then focuses on the financial system and other systems on the efficiency of China's financial constraints to support agriculture, and put forward measures accordingly.The main conclusion of the study are: (1) the faultiness of financial budget management system led to the decline in the ability of local governments to support agriculture. Budget management system is the core of the separation of powers, China has implemented the 1994 tax system, but the present tax system of the financial authority and administrative authority is not not clear. On the one hand, the tax system makes local government revenues decline, and financial authority reduced, resulting in reduced ability of local governments to support agriculture. On the other hand, some local governments say the contrary trend, especially at the grass-roots government, not a serious financial authority and administrative authority of the county and township levels as a result of the worsening financial situation, the inability to invest in agriculture. The local governments of the dominant position of financial support for agriculture, the decline in their ability to support agriculture, will inevitably affect the size of China's financial support for agriculture."the sieve phenomenon" result from the faultiness of financial expenditure management system. China's current financial expenditure management system there is still a soft budget constraint and ineffective oversight situation. China's financial and implemented a multi-level financial management system, the higher the Government to lower levels of government transfer payments, because of financial expenditure management system is imperfect, the funds allocated to support agriculture in the process of layers of withholding moved easily do it with. (3) The Government institutions unreasonable result of the increase of operating expenses, funds to support agriculture in the limited circumstances misuse of the agricultural infrastructure expenditure and production expenditures by Kejisanxiangbi a long time, China's impact on the efficiency of financial support for agriculture.(4) the lack of relevant security system led to inadequate scale financial support for agriculture. Local government financial support for agriculture is the mainstay of agricultural production because of public goods characteristics of the local government out of its own interests, often reluctant to increase expenditure on agriculture . As "Agriculture Law" and other relevant laws and regulations of the imperfections, as well as the lack of effective government action constraints, leading to a lack of financial support for agriculture benefits.In this paper, the policy proposals are: improving the financial and taxation system, and strengthen the central government financial support for agriculture duties, standardize the payout of local government which spend on financial support for agriculture. From three aspects increase financial support for agriculture expenditures from the spending cut operating expenses, capital expenditure and increase the science&technology promotiom funds and stability in rural areas in four aspects relief expenses to improve financial support for agriculture structure of expenditures from the budget change management methods and improve the budget payment system two perfect system of financial support for agriculture spending. The innovation lies in this: In the past, the evidence from research on aspects of the effectiveness of financial support for agriculture, the paper mainly from institutional factors restricting the level of financial support for agriculture increased efficiency factors, and put forward policy proposals.In this paper, some aspects of the the issue need to be further studied which lie in: The economy development of China is different from place to place. Financial support for agriculture across the state are not the same, because of data limitations, just from the macroeconomic point of view of the effectiveness of China's financial support for agriculture, no depth to the micro-level to analyze and study. Financial constraints in the agricultural support system efficiency factors in the analysis process, as limited by the level of knowledge, using only words were reviewed and research, the process of failure analysis using mathematical models, and other effective tool on the system analysis system involves a major Refinement levels but not start. More than enough, it is an area for further study, the authors pointed out the future direction of the efforts. |
