| Land is not lack of human existence and the material conditions of all production and is the source of all existence. China is a large agricultural country, accounting for only 7 percent of the world's arable land, but it has to feed 22 percent of the world's population. It is therefore no exaggeration to say that the problem in China's rural areas, in the final analysis is the question of land, rural land system for the correct or not is directly related to the hundreds of millions of people eat and survival issues.For this reason, I after the party attaches great importance to the founding of the rural land system in the formulation and implementation, from the land reform, agriculture Cooperative and the people's communes to the household contract responsibility system, the private sector has experienced all private land, private property and collective operation, collectively owned collective operation, the collective, all individuals operating changes. Practice has proved that each of the establishment of a land system, the modernization of our country are on a far-reaching impact, but as with any other system, every system can land a lasting solution to all the problems, but also advancing with the times and continue to innovate. This requires us to the rural land system in-depth exploration of China's land system change especially in the period since the land reform of the system to study the course of development, which sum up the experience and lessons learned for the reform of the rural land system new ideas.Through the agricultural system since the founding of the changes of a preliminary study we found that China's agricultural system changes the trajectory for the country mainly peasants seized the remaining proceeds from the control is a development in the distribution of the field to control the production process. The reason for this is because the country has just begun in the interests of the peasants can be obtained through interference in the distribution of forms have been met, such as lower prices of agricultural products, the purchase and sale of a state monopoly operators, is prohibited long-distance trafficking. All the promulgation of a policy step by step inhibit growth of the market, have complete control over the agricultural surplus in the state's hands. When the distribution is still unable to meet national needs huge investments, the area of control of the production was put on the agenda. Land as farmers the most important means of production is the first public state of the object, when the land lies in the hands of the State, to establish a national industrial system can be fully implemented the plan. The transfer of ownership of land is agricultural land system performance of the major changes in China's agricultural production with the ownership change also will be lost its vitality, especially the people's commune system in rural areas void incentive into the brink of collapse.The household contract responsibility system as the operating system of China's agriculture has greatly promoted the development of productive forces, the development of China's agriculture and the national economy has made tremendous contributions. However, this system can not be solved once and for all of China's rural economy in the development of all the problems. As social and economic development, it would inevitably encounter the need to resolve obstacles to the system and therefore, we have to arrange for such a system to re-examine.Farmland system is the process of changing the farmers are deprived of land ownership process. Although in 1978 after the household contract responsibility system for the rapid development of agricultural production, but the limitations of the household contract responsibility system started exposed. First of all, the household contract responsibility system is survival-oriented reform, when the pressure of survival decrease until disappearing, the household contract responsibility system effectiveness will be reduced. Although the average allocation of land under the conditions of play at that time to improve agricultural productivity the biggest role, but could not adapt to the market economy principle of efficiency. The household contract management is the transfer of land use rights, and can not solve the problem of the attribution of the means of production. Loss of the land rights of farmers in agricultural production means that the incentive mechanism defect. Property ownership is the core of clear property ownership is the precondition for the effective use of the property. When the collective land ownership to farmers in the name of all co-owners, the national title will be a moment of the already fragile land use rights of peasants, this is after 1984, the further development of China's agriculture can not be the most important factor.In this paper the structure, with the exception of the introduction, is divided into four parts. The first chapter, mainly the rural land system on the basic theories, including the system of agricultural land, agricultural land and agricultural system to the definition of the nature of the system. Chapter II, pointing out that agricultural land system and the reasons for the changes in performance analysis. Chapter III, the principal of the current existence of the rural land system defects, the fourth chapter, in view of the rural land system, through the analysis of perfecting China's agricultural system to put forward a number of points to improve the system of China's agricultural policy recommendations.The first chapter, a brief analysis of this paper, the object of study - the meaning of the system of agricultural land, nature, to explore further reform of the rural land system laid the theoretical foundation.Chapter II, pointed out that agricultural system changes for the various stages of performance analysis. The development of social productive forces and production patterns is to promote movement of the contradiction between agricultural land and the fundamental reasons for changing the system, the main pursuit of the interests of the agricultural system is the internal driving force for change, the state of agricultural land is important institutional change a restrictive role. From the land reform movement, the Agricultural Cooperative and the people's communes, the final evolution since the household contract system, China's agriculture has experienced more than 50 years of bumpy roads, agricultural development and its essence is the choice of system performance twists and turns. Affect China's land system is one important factor in the modernization of China's modernization several qualitative leap with the changes related to the land system. However, each system can once and for all to solve all problems in the promotion of rural land system in the process of China's modernization, but also constantly exposed inherent flaws. Therefore, to analyze and summarize the reform of the system of agricultural development and changes of the laws, and for guiding the development of agriculture in the new era of innovation and institutional arrangements for the system is not without benefit.Chapter III, the principal of the current existence of the rural land system defects. In the process of agricultural development issues, with the development of the market economy and the deepening of China's accession to the World Trade Organization has become more apparent, the original household contract system restricting agricultural modernization as an important factor in development. In this paper, the existence of the rural land system defects divided into five categories in order to understand the crux of the problem, right to identify a problem-solving ideas.Chapter IV, in order to improve China's rural land system of the policy recommendations. To solve the problem of China's land system of land must be in accordance with the market economy reforms and innovation, and let the market play a major role in one. In China's socialist market economy under the general objective of the system is the innovation should be adhering to the same public land ownership under the premise of land property rights by defining the main, straighten out the main property: on the one hand, to shape the development of market economy in rural areas micro-agricultural market economic entities; On the other hand, the land ownership transfer to a market-oriented, so that the land resources in the circulation has been optimized configuration and efficient, intensive operations. Therefore, the public land ownership and use rights of China's market-oriented reform of the system of land ownership in the direction. Specifically, it is necessary to "clear ownership, stability, contracting rights, and to enliven the right to use" and properly handle the issue of separation of powers. |
