The Current Situation And Countermeasure Of China's Pension Insurance System Of Urban

The pension insurance system is the most important types of insurance, is also an important part of the five types of social insurance. The so-called pension insurance (or pension insurance system) is based on the state and society certain laws and regulations, and the pension is to address the workers in the state to achieve the disarmament obligations of the working-age labor limits, or for the elderly who lose the ability to work from labor position after the basic living and the establishment of a social insurance system.As China is a developing country, and the economic is less developed, in order to make pension insurance can protect life and play the role of social stability, can adapt to the needs of different economic conditions, and to facilitate the improvement of labor productivity, the urban enterprise employees insurance is divided into three components. The first part is the basic old-age insurance, the second part is the enterprise annuities, personal savings is the third part of the pension insurance.In early 1950s ,our country had established the insurance system for urban workers which according to the planned economic system. At that time, part of the pension insurance funds was paid directly by the companies, part of co-ordination by the National Federation of Trade Unions. With the "Cultural Revolution" , co-ordinating social workers pension was abolished, and pension insurance had been completely degenerated into companies insurance. Since reform and opening up, with the various economic sectors and various forms of economic and employment development system. in 1984, to address the problem that the state-owned enterprises pay retirement costs caused by the old and new burdens of enterprises unfairly, the State Council approved the state-owned enterprise workers a retired social pooling costs, and established a contract system for workers retirement pension insurance system. In 1991, the State Council issued "the decision of the reform of the enterprise workers insurance system ",it provides that social pension insurance co-funded by the state, enterprises and trade unions tripartite burden. In 1993, the session of the Third Plenary Session of the 14th National Party Congress "Decision" clearly pointed out that the pension insurance for personal take account of the combination of "integration with account" form. In 1995 the State Council issued "the noticification of the enterprise workers on deepening reform of the pension insurance system" recommended the programme of "integration with account" for the pilot to choose. By the end of 1996, there are more than 100 prefectural (city), more than 400 counties (cities) of the more than over 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of the in accordance with the "Circular" spirit of the actual conduct of the local "integration account with" old-age insurance system the pilot reform. In 1997 the State Council made "the decision of the enterprises on the establishment of a unified the basic old-age insurance system " and unification of the enterprises and workers pay contributions, the size of personal accounts and the way of pension insurance.In recent years, China's pension insurance system has a series of reforms, from the situation of there years of old-age insurance reform, some progress has been made, which is now there are 76% of the urban workers participated in the old-age insurance, pension insurance in China has been four years in a row to achieve the full. China experimented with the "social pooling in conjunction with the individual accounts " pension insurance model, and have achieved some success. China's urban basic pension insurance fund payments has expand the scale every year, and operational safety.In the process of reform, we have made a series of achievements for all to see, such as: the state has a better pension insurance system; China's urban basic pension insurance coverage has been extended from urban enterprise employees to individual industrial and commercial households, flexible employment, and other practitioners , the number of participants is increasing, the urban basic pension insurance fund payments scale has expanded year by year; efforts to ensure that pensions paid in full; practical individual accounts.See these achievements, we must also realize that our urban pension insurance system still has many shortcomings, such as: not enough coverage of the widely; the implementation of pension insurance system covers a narrow range, and lack of unity; the pension insurance manpower levels low level, and of a single pension insurance benefits, lack of vitality, and of the low level of the community; there are loopholes in the management system; the fund of pension insurance is not enough, and the management is confusion and so on.This paper analyzes the foreign pension insurance experience in more advanced countries, the following conclusions can be drawn: the universal use of the "three pillars" to support pension insurance, the countries have all made the enterprise annuities on the importance, an appropriately extending the retirement age of employees in cities and towns; change the state arranged, and increase social investment the pension insurance, and options advanced management methods.On the basis of China's pension insurance and in view of the status of pension insurance in the advanced experience from abroad, we give some of the recommendations are as follows:First, we must accelerate and gradually improve China's urban reform of the pension insurance system. Expand the coverage of the pension insurance, carry out the unified pension insurance system in the towns and cities, take a multi-level measure of the pension insurance for urban retirees;the implementation of national, units, and individual jointly burden of the pension insurance costs; focus on reformation of the urban basic old-age pensions to, led the entire pension insurance system reform; established the adjustment mechanism that the town retirees to share part of the fruits of development; increased funding input and support of the policy, and explore the standard way of the pension insurance fund raising; solve the problem of the short of urban pension insurance fund, and practical personal accounts; realize the maintaining and increasing of the pension insurance fund, and actively promote the construction of urban pension insurance information.Second, we must establish and gradually improve the urban pension insurance system.Finally, we must strengthen the social security awareness, regulate the system of relevant laws, establish the relevant supervision mechanism. Urban workers should strengthen the social security awareness, further highlight the personal self-protection and family protection functions; should be enacted the laws and regulations according to the pension insurance system for urban enterprise as soon as possible; we should build up the supervision and management mechanism; the relevant departments formed a joint interaction efforts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests, and promote the reform of the organs and institutions.China's pension insurance system in the town has experienced these years reform and development, and have made certain achievements, and on the basis of learn from the advanced experience of other countries, have breaking out socialist characteristics of urban pension insurance Road which according to China's conditions. Based on the analysis of the country's cities and towns the status of pension insurance, and comparative analysis of the advanced foreign pension insurance model of success for China's pension insurance system of urban, we made some practical recommendations, which may be premature. I believe China's pension insurance in cities and towns experienced a lot of deep-seated reforms, there will be more perfect. China's pension insurance system will be more robust.