| The agricultural surplus labor means that can withdraw from the agricultural sector, and does not influence the agricultural labouring population of agricultural total output. The agricultural workforce is turning from the agricultural sector to industry and service trade department constantly, it is the inevitable phenomenon in various countries' industrialized process. If this kind of transformation is hindered, will influence the economic development of one country, this is even more like this to populous developing countries. Our country is a developing large country in population, the agriculture, peasant, rural problem are basic problems of our country, and agriculture and peasant had the most basic question was the agricultural surplus labor's transformation question.Agricultural production and transformation of surplus labor agricultural labor productivity raise and social inevitable outcome of economic development. Because the improvement of the limited non-renewable and agricultural labor productivity of the land resource, must release a large number of agricultural workforces outwards. Change of and social economic structure, the development of the other industries in the city, need to absorb a large number of workforces too. The agricultural workforce of western developed country shifts and is shown as a natural evolution, it is rise and industrialized process and shifting progressively with the modern industrial city.This text is made up of five parts. First part It is the introduction, describe the meaning of the selected title briefly, define the purpose, basic frame, thinking and method to study. Propose the surplus rural labor force is transfered marginal productivity relatively high obtaining employment non-agriculturally to working by agriculture, to increasing the total amount of the agricultural output, improve peasant's quality and income, has accelerated such respects as industrialization and process of integration in urban and rural area, etc. And all exerted a positive influence, it is an inherent demand for agricultural sustainable development to put forward the study on problem of rural transfer of surplus labor, it is the need of promoting the pool in urban and rural areas, structuring the harmonious society, it is the essence of building the well-off society in an all-round way that needs. Second part ,Comb the concepts of the surplus rural labor force and rural transfer of surplus labor, draw lessons from the foreign theory model, analyzed the reference meaning in our country of theory model that the foreign rural laborer shifts. The third part, In carry on foundation of case study to Britain, U.S.A., Japan, S. Korea, Brazil different kinds of national rural transfer of surplus labor, propose the similarities and differences of rural transfer of surplus labor of China and foreign countries, rural transfer of surplus labor have many kinds of different mode in different country and even the same country different area. These modes are all suitable for the national conditions of various countries, is linked to the regional condition of various countries and all parts closely. As regards China, province and inside the province different county land difference relatively heavy terms have each, so, the rural transfer of surplus labor of China can't defend tenaciously a certain regular mode either, and should make different choices according to different conditions in every area. During the process of making policy of rural transfer of surplus labor, should use the outstanding experience of other country for reference actively too, combine local actual science and make the policy. The fourth part ,Have analyzed the present state of surplus rural labor force of our country, basic including workforce has too many quantity, the rural laborer has unreasonable employment structure, surplus rural labor force's non-agricultural employment is stored in disequilibrium among the areas,etc.. On this basis, have probed into the characteristic and the problem exists of rural transfer of surplus labor of our country further. And is set out by the question, analyse the reason with the regional difference of rural transfer of surplus labor of our country. The fifth part is conclusion of the article and some of suggestion, according to the theoretical foundation of several the first parts and question analysis, get the policies and measures of rural transfer of surplus labor out of pointedly, and the rural transfer of surplus labor that directs against the western region is specially analyzed.In survive to surplus rural labor force state sum up foundation analysed this text, put forward and restrict the main reason why rural surplus motive force shifts. On one hand the system of two yuan in urban and rural areas, this text thinks, after the foundation of the state, in order to realize the goal of industrialization and urbanization of Chinese style, have made such policies as investment assigning, workforce's employment, income distribution which form industry's capital,etc., according to the population control policy in the urban and rural areas, have set up the necessary for life of strict residence registration system, urban residents and supplied the system, interconnected system according to plan and divided into the employment system under unified central planning and urban welfare system. Two yuan system frame disintegrating with promotion of reform and opening-up progressively is still hindering the flow of the surplus rural labor force of our country to a great extent. On the other hand, employment environment, peasant of worker is it improve to remain, labor market management service can meet the need of the situation. Central government make a series of is it maintain rights and interests, worker of peasant, and improve peasant worker obtain employment the policies and measures of the environment to aim at, begin to become effective in improving the peasant worker's employment environment. But because the accumulation of the historical problem and profound system question, the environment is still not loose that peasants workers go down town to obtain employment: Employment service, employment is it can't meet peasant worker flow need of obtaining employment on a large scale to train; Peasants workers lack the information and help, the difficult problem is still relatively outstanding to hunt for a job; Treating peasant's engineering inequality in some places, the phenomenon which despises, ignores peasant's engineering interests is still relatively serious; Policy obstacle to peasant's engineering employment that laws and regulations and document of the policy have been already cancelled, has not implemented yet in carrying out actually, the profound institutional problem has not been really solved, the effective one, the long result mechanism of safeguarding peasant's engineering rights and interests has not been set up yet.Because of the existence of various kinds of factors, for a long time, though the governments at all levels of our country and relevant departments have taken all sorts of measures in order to promote the rural transfer of surplus labor of our country, but according to result, the channel of rural transfer of surplus labor is not smooth. Improve the result of the measure, give full play to the efficiency of limited resources, the factor influencing rural transfer of surplus labor of necessary analysis, namely under the present economic and social condition, it there is facilitation to the rural transfer of surplus labor which factors are found out, which factors has function of hindering on the transformation of the surplus rural labor force, analyse such influence emerging as these factor scale, speed and direction in rural transfer of surplus labor, etc.. On the basis of knowing and grasping the law of rural transfer of surplus labor, we can have an object in view, design more reasonable policy to guide the transformation of the surplus rural labor force, thus promote constant improvement of peasant's income and the strengthening constantly of rural economy. |
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