The Evaluation And Optimization Of The Layout Of City Emergency Service Facilities

As the emergency-prone areas and the agent of emergency management, the city is a region or a country's political, economic, cultural and scientific center, where the social flow, logistics flow, capital flow, technology flow, information flow are most active and concentrated. Because of the high concentration of population and wealth, the social problems of the city are becoming more and more complex, and the city is facing the challenges of unexpected events all the time. Especially in recent years, a variety of unexpected events happened more frequently. There is an urgent need to strengthen the city's emergency management capabilities.The academic researches on the emergency management areas are causing more and more attention. Emergency management involves a wide field of research, which has the characters of diversity, complexity and workload, and it has a particularly wide range of applications.With the rapid development and expansion of the city, the emergency service needs of the city are constantly changing in the recent years. The expansion of urban areas causes more emergency needs, which the original emergency services facilities can not cover effectively. Transformation of the old city layout makes the original facilities no longer reasonable. So, there is an urgent need to evaluate and optimize the original layout of urban emergency service facilities.Emergency facilities layout problem is aimed at identifing the emergency services number, making sure the location of facilities in a certain area, and reallocating resources for each emergency service facility. It places relevant, appropriate number and types of resources in the right place in a reasonable way. City emergency services facility layout problem is one of the key emergency management decision-making problem. The related research of the location of the emergency services is an important research direction of emergency management. So selecting the right location of the emergency service facilities and making a reasonable distribution of resources is very important to improve city emergency management ability. Optimization of urban emergency service facilities layout has become the main urgently problem in a city emergency management system.From the view of previous studies, the research of city emergency service layout problems experienced a relatively short period of time, and the related research mainly focused on the field of macro-evaluation of the emergency management. They only introduced a conceptual model framework of emergency management ability evaluation. There is less research on the micro aspects of specific targets evaluation, such as the selection and evaluation of indicators for a particular index of emergency service location effect, and the evaluation of the allocation of resources. Also, the layout can not be changed and optimized according to changes of emergency needs. The actual layout problem is becoming more complex, and its application is becoming more and more diverse. So there is a need to make integration of cross-domain knowledge, which will bring the difficulty problems to be modeled and solved.In this paper, based on previous studies, we first introduced the basic theories of public and city emergency management. The characteristics of city emergency services were analyzed and their classification was made. We have made the literature review of related researches on emergency resources management. Especially, we described and analyzed the researches of emergency service facilities layout in detail. With the analysis and summarize of the relevant emergency management evaluation theory, we pointed out the deficiencies of existing studies.Secondly, we discussed and made a summary of the base model used for the layout of the city emergency services. We pointed out that different kinds of models should be selected for different types of facilities.Thirdly, we analyzed the factors involved in the distribution of urban emergency service facilities, and the layout evaluation system of urban emergency service facilities was established. In the comprehensive layout evaluation model of urban emergency service facilities, we use AHP to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make the layout evaluation of urban emergency service facilities. Through which, we combined the qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation together. Then we applied the model into the layout evaluation of urban emergency service facilities.After what, the difference of layout evaluation results could present the problems and deficiencies of the existing layout. In the view of the results, we optimized and adjusted the emergency service location and resource allocation in two ways. After that, we constructed a numerical example to verify the validity of the model.Finally, we summarized the contents and conclusions of the entire article, and future research prospects were presented.Compared to previous researches, we established the layout evaluation model of city emergency service facilities. We evaluated the present layout standard of urban emergency service facilities, which deepened the micro-level research in related fields. And an effective future research schedule was provided for the following researches. We built the city emergency service facilities layout optimization model through expanding the model of emergency service location and resource allocation. With the model, the emergency service facilities location and resource allocation were optimized and adjusted according to the evaluation results, which could achieve the purpose of layout optimization.In the application respect, we descripted the layout evaluation index system of urban emergency service based on the in-depth analysis of related factors of urban emergency service facilities layout. And the urban emergency service layout evaluation model was built to provide a measure of adjustment for future facilities layout. The model of facilities layout adjustment and optimization can provide easy quantitative methods for practical applications. The model can optimize the existing layout, the city emergency needs could met as much as possible, and the costs of construction and service operating could be cut down as low as possible. Furthermore, the efficiency and service of the facilities can be improved either.