Species Diversity And Biogeography Of Beetles From Ningxia Of China

This dissertation is focus on the taxonomy and fauna study of Coleoptera in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, based on a large amount of named specimens which preserved in Hebei university, other universities and research organizations, and the following results are obtained:1. The specific composition.The results shows that there are 1019 species of 460 genera, 48 families, 2 suborders of Coleoptera in Ningxia. Two new species, Bioramix(Cardiobioramix) globipunctata Bai & Ren, 2016 and Bioramix(Cardiobioramix) liupanshana Bai & Ren, 2016, has been described. The citations of species with information of examined materials are given.In this region the suborder Polyphaga including 13 superfamilies, 46 families(95.83%), 415 genera(90.22%), 885 species(86.85%), and the suborder Adephaga including 2 families(4.17%), 45 genera(9.78%), 134 species(13.15%). The top 10 of familial category from Ningxia are 157 species(15.41%) of 44 genera(9.57%) of Tenebrionidae, 133 species(13.05%) of 65 genera(14.13%) of Chrysomelidae, 122 species(11.97%) of 38 genera(8.26%) of Carabidae, 107 species(10.50%) of 42 genera(9.13%) of Scarabaeidae, 86 species(8.44%) of 55 genera(11.96%) of Cerambycidae, 70 species(6.87%) of 41 genera(8.91%) of Curculionidae, 57 species(5.59%) of 28 genera(6.09%) of Coccinelidae, 50 species(4.91%) of 20 genera(4.34%) of Staphyinidae, 25 species(2.45%) of 7 genera(1.52%) of Silphidae, 23 species(2.26%) of 5 genera(1.09%) of Meloidae.The composition of genera category from Ningxia are that 256 monotypic genera(55.65%), 144 few-species genera(31.30%) and 60 various-specie genera(13.05%).2. Relationship of beetles of Ningxia in world’s and China’s zoogeographic fauna.Analysis on the faunal composition from the view of the world animal fauna(including the common genera), Ningxia-beetles is the Palearctic realm(460 genera, 100%), and the proportion of other realms is small.The result also shows that the relation of beetles’ quantity and geographical area in China: Mongolo-Xinjiang Region(411 genera, 89.35%), North China Region(361 genera, 78.48%), North-east Region(290 genera, 63.04%), Mid-China Region(286 genera, 62.17%), Qinghai-Xizang Region(195 genera, 42.39%), South-west Region(171 genera, 37.17%), and South China Region(162 genera, 35.22%).3. The particularity of Coleoptera in Ningxia.The faunistic characters of beetles from Ningxia(including the common genera): The Desert and Semidesert Region(280 genera, 60.74%) are predominant types. The Liupan Montain Region(270 genera, 58.57%) is the next. The Loess Plateau Region(121 genera, 26.25%) is the last one. Peculiar member of locality has 26 genera(5.64%).4. Beetles diversity of Liupan Mt., Helan Mt. and Luo Mt.By analyzing and comparing the beetles of Helan Mt., Liupan Mt. and Luo Mt., different comparing results were obtained. The results showed that, 355 species/subspecies in Helan Mt., belong to 30 families and 211 genera. 482 species/subspecies of beetles were recorded in Liupan Mt., belong to 35 families and 243 genera. 287 species/subspecies in Luo Mt., belong to 30 families and 182 genera. Peculiar species of three preserves were 0.28%, 1.87%, 0.70% respectively. Analysis of the beetles diversity by G-F index, the F Indexes of beetles diversities of the Helan Mt., Liupan Mt. and Luo Mt. were 29.4920, 32.9064 and 28.9752. G Indexes were 5.0281, 5.1998 and 4.9669. G-F Indexes were 0.8296, 0.8420 and 0.8286. Helan Mt. and Luo Mt. had most same numbers of species of beetles, and the similarity coefficient was on moderately dissimilar level. The similarity coefficients of Liupan Mt. and Luo Mt., Liupan Mt. and Helan Mt. were on extremely dissimilar level.5. The protection and utilization of Coleoptera in Ningxia.We categorized all insect resources of Ningxia into eight groups: cleaning beetles(about 10%), pollination beetles(about 15%), edible and fodder beetles(about 15%), medicinal beetles(about 10%), natural enemy beetles(about 30%), enjoyable beetles(about 100%), pests of reserve substance(about 5%) and pests of agriculture and forestry(about 20%). We also come up with the suggestions of protection and take advantage of Ningxia beetles.