Grain-size Effect Of Landscape Metrics And Spatial-temporal Dynamics Of Landscape Diversity In Pingshuo Coal Mine

Open-pit mine exploit is a main coal mining method all over the world, with the coal resource’s large exploitation, amount of land destroyed and caused severe changes of the biodiversity. Biodiversity is the foundation of human survival and development, who’s conservation is one of the hot spot of environmental protection nowadays. The study of the biodiversity mostly concentrates upon the level of genes, species and ecosystem at present, but the landscape’s research is not many. However, landscape diversity is not only the basic of the genes diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity, but also is a most important study part of the biodiversity protection. So the related principle and method of the landscape ecology used in the open-pit coal mine whose environment condition is very special, from the angle of the landscape, which is of great importance to guide the biodiversity protection, to promote the construction of artificial and complex ecosystem and to realize the sustainable development in mining area.This paper firstly analyzed the changes of landscape types via the figure of landscape types which based on the TM images respectively obtained in 1987, 1994, 2005 and 2015, and the method of 3S technology combined with the software of ENVI is employed; and then in order to determine the appropriate grain size in Pingshuo open coal mine, we selected 17 types landscape metrics to analysis the grain-size effect from the landscape level based on the TM images in 2005; lastly but not the least, the dissertation studied the spatial and temporal dynamics of landscape diversity from the aspect of patch, type and pattern of the four stages in Pingshuo open coal mine. The main conclusion divided into three parts:(1) The area of the landscape types in research area had taken great changed in 1987-2015, among which the cultivated land had the greatest change, from 1987 to 2015 fell 4676.49 ha, mainly for industrial land and bare land; Though the rate of the landscape structure didn’t appear much different in 1987-1994, 1994-2005 and 2005-2015, the landscape structure were more and more similar as the change of time, meanwhile the rate of the landscape comprehensive variation indicate that the types had the biggest change in 1994-2005.(2) The suitable scope of the landscape size was 30-70 meter in Pingshuo coal mine,and the optimum grain-size is 70 m.(3) The spatial and temporal dynamics results of landscape diversity in 1987, 1994,2005 and 2015 showed that as the exploitation land area increased in 1987-2005, the changes of the landscape fragmentation were small and the structure of landscape was tending towards stability; but the landscape tended to be fragmented and complicates in 2005-2015, although the effect of reclamation was well, the trend of the invaded natural landscape was not reversed, from a semi-natural ecosystem which influenced by the mining activities generally changed to a typical artificial landscape ecosystem. On the whole, this weak mining landscape system was susceptible to interference and its biodiversity was seriously damaged.