| Berberis amurensis Rurp. is a deciduous shrub species, belongs to the family Berberidaceae, and mainly distributed in Northeast and North China, also in Janan, Korea and Russia(Siberia). By now, variation patterns of the main taxonomic characters of B. amurensis are still little known. Hence, the variation patterns of the main taxonomic characters of B. amurensis were investigated by field population sampling, checking type specimens and statistical analysis in Taishan Mountain Scenic Spot in Taian city, Shandong province, and Pang Quangou National Nature Reserve of Jiaocheng county, Taiyuan city, Shanxi province. The research results are shown as below.:(1) In 953 ripe fruits were gathered from every 10 infructescences sampled from 24 adult individuals of B. amurensis, and the fruits were red in colour, each infructescence contained 1-8 fruits, M±SD was 3.97±1.48, notable difference existed between different infructescences (P<0.01);In 240 infructescences, the seed number per fruit varied from 1 to 5, M±SD was 1.61±0;72, the number of 1-seeded to 5-seeded fruits of B. amurensis were, in turn,471,395,67,19 and 1, respectively. However, literatures all showed that fruits of B. amurensis contained only 2 seeds.(2) Every 20 leaves were gathered from 24 adult individuals of B. amurensis, both shape and size of the leaves display a considerable variation range, and the length is 0.95-9.61 cm, the width is 0.41-4.13 cm, leaf margins 0-48 spinulose-serrulate on the left side,0-50 spinulose-serrulate on the right side, there are significant differences in characters of leaf sizes and leaf margins.(P<0.01).(3) Among 500 spines found on 51 1-year shoots sampled from 24 adult individuals of B. amurensis, the spine types exhibited a continuous variation patterns from solitary spine to 8-fid spine. The number of solitary to 3-fid spines were, in turn,282,48 and 158, and they were all high in percent occurrence,88.23%、50.98% and 82.35%, respecticely, and were the three dominant leaf spines of B. amurensis. Whereas literatures all reported that mostly trifid spines, rarely solitary spines appeared in B. amurensis. Furthermore, among 274 leaf spines sampled from 14 adults of B. amurensis in Taishan Mountain, the central spines (usually the longest spine of each leaf spine) were 0.28-2.61 cm in length, and in 226 leaf spines sampled from 10 adults of B. amurensis in Pangquangou, the central spines were 0.06-1.67 cm in length, the length of the central spines from Taishan population were significant longer than that of PangQuangou population (P<0.01).(4) A total of 36 flowers were sampled from 10 adualt individuals of B. amurensis, the number of tepals of each flower varied from 10 to 14, M+SD was 12.80+1.05, the length of tepals was 0.60-6.11 mm, and the width of tepals was 0.51-5.14 mm, significant differences existed in the size of tepals (P<0.01). In every 20 ovaries sampled 10 adults of B. amurensis, the ovule numbers per ovary varied from 2 to 4, M+SD was 2.31+0.56 (P＜0.01). Nevertheless, literatures all showed that ovaries of B. amurensis contained only 2 ovules. In toatal, the proportion of ovaries with 2 or 3 ovules was more than 90%. SEM observations showed that the size of pollen grains of B. amurensis was (29.8-40.9)* (28.9-40.2) μm in size, spheroidal or subspheroidal in shape, with the apertures being spiral or syncolporate, with the dense or thin of foveolate ornamentation, or tubercuiate ornamentation.(5) Among the cofficients of variation in characters of fruits, leaves, leaf spines and flowers of B. amurensis, number of tepals (0.07±0.02)< length of leaves (0.09±0.30)< length of stamens (0.12±0.04)< number of ovules (0.19±0.09)<length of tepals (0.24± 0.08)< number of fruits (0.26±0.07)< seed numbers per fruits (0.26±0.07)< width of leaves (0.30±0.12)< width of tepals (0.33 ±0.07). |
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