The Dynamic Change And Optimization Of Landscape Pattern In Wuzhishan

Based on the summary of the researches of the landscape patterns at home and abroad and taking Wuzhishan City for example, we study the landscape of Wuzhishan City. By using the remote sensing image interpretation’s data of the years 1998,2003,2007,2011 and the software ArcMap10.0 and Fragstats4.2, processing and analysis each period data of Wuzhishan city. By comparing the landscape pattern indexes of different times to learn the landscape features of Wuzhishan City, our aim is to know well the trend and main factor of the change. Moreover, based on those facts we can also propose the optimized model of landscape area of Wuzhishan City. By combining the minimum distance costs, we get the optimization of the spatial positions. At last we can provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference to the landscape restructuring and coordinated development of the Wuzhishan City. The main results of this study are as follows:(1) Woodland is the main landscape of the Wuzhishan City and constitute the main body of the study area’s landscape. The square of the woodland are as the follow: 86.15%(1998)、90.17%(2003)、89.94%(2007)、89.51%(2011). Since 2003, the ranking of landscape area is woodland>Farmland> waters> construction land>unutilized land> grassland> Other sites.(2) There are significant changes in the landscape pattern of the Wuzhishan City among the years 1998 and 2007, such as (ⅰ), the patch densities of Farmland and unutilized land landscape are on the increase. This indicates that the their degree of fragmentation is stronger and stronger and the landscape heterogeneity is higher. The reason is that the fragmentation of Farmland is closely related to the human activity. The main reason of the unutilized land change is that the procedure of urbanization is faster and people develop and occupy the unutilized land vigorously. This results in the significant decreasing in unutilized land.(ⅱ), The dispersion indexes of construction land, Farmland and waters are on the decrease and they (construction land, Farmland and waters) synthesize a larger set of patches gradually. From the point of trend of connectivity index, we can know that woodland and construction land increase slowly and the plaques is bigger and bigger.(3) As a whole, among the years 1998 and 2011, the the most remarkable features of landscape pattern change in Wuzhishan City are as the follow:(ⅰ), the fragmentation of landscape patches and the decrease discretization of the square of pattern average, (ⅱ), the indexes of contagion and the degree of polymerization are bigger, the landscape is more accumulative. (ⅲ), the index of shape is increasing, the landscape development tends to complicate, the self-similarity weaken, (iv), the index of the diversity decreases firstly and then increases. The dominance of the pattern increases firstly and then decreases, (ⅴ), the index of Shannon evenness is smaller and the plaque proportion is not balanced.(4) From the point of transfer matrices of different years we can know that the transformation of wood and farmland is more often and can maintain the dynamic balance. Compared between the data in different time we can find that at the recent 10 years, the squares of the wood and farmland is increasing gradually. The square of grassland decreases sharply at first, then increases slowly and stays stability at the end. The squares of construction land and waters increase firstly and then decrease. All those figures show that the environment of Wuzhishan City is protected better. The city focuses on the ecological environment construction when it is in pursuit of economic development.(5) We forecast the data of the year 2011 by the Markov model. By comparing the actual measured data with the forecast data we find that all errors are less than 0.75%. This shows that our simulation results are better. Then we can obtain forecast data of the different landscapes of Wuzhishan City at the year of 2020. By comparing the data between forecast and the optimization model we obtain the adjust values that the landscapes should make are as the following:the square of the woodland should increase 1368.954 hectare, the squares of farmland, construction land, unutilizedland, grassland and Other sites should reduce 1300.308hectare, 44.070hectare,17.551 hectare,4.975hectare,2.051hectare, respectively.(6) Together with the calculation of the minimum cost of distance, we get the ecological corridor of the spatial optimization of the landscape pattern and then achieve the purpose of spatial optimization about landscape pattern.