The Extinction Mechanism And Population Viability Analysis Based On The Available Habitat Concept On Black And White Snub Nosed Monkey(Rhinopithecus Bieti)

First, we had conducted a comprehensive coverage of black and white snub-nosedmonkey whose is about extant and historical extinct distribution of population in themost southern Longmasan frommay 2014 to July 2014. The survey involved a total of 240 villages of 10 towns at east coast of the Lancang River of Yunlong County. So we got 968 pieces of distribution information about six kinds of historical andmodern primate species and we determined the location of the historical population distribution of black and white snub-nosedmonkey in Yunlong County. Second, we have a detailed visit of historical distribution again about black and white snub-nosedmonkey in Yunlong County from October 2014 to January 2015. The survey involved 52 villages in five townships and got 28 pieces of historical activity information about black and white snub-nosedmonkey. Finally, we determined extinct time, extinct factor and activities of the surrounding habitat of black and white snub-nosedmonkey in Yunlong County.According to data analysis, we found that there are 6 primates in Yunlong County, they are black and white snub-nosedmonkey, Phayre’s leafmonkey, bearmonkey, red-facedmacaques, Tibetanmacaque,mulattamacaca and we know the distribution activities of them in Yunlong County. However, the peak of the extinct primates when population is the fastest growing and vegetation is used is between 1980 s and 1990 s in Yunlong County. The densest regions of primate extinction located in Yunlong County are resulted by the frequent human activities, the poor vegetation coverage and good transport accessibility. So there is less extinct about populations that distribute in Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve and poor accessibility Biluo Snow. The results show that the primary factor of Yunlong primate extinction is habitat degradation.Black and white snub-nosedmonkey in Yunlong County ismainly distributed better narrow area between the Lancang and Bi River Habitat in old year. The north is to Longmamountain and the south is to Tianchi. And the distribution among the population was not continuous strip. There consisted in a total of 320-400 individuals by Longmamountain groups, Daping groups, Tianchi groups. However, now there is only one group of black and white snub-nosedmonkey about 150 in Yunlong County and prove the existence of groups about 20 of the two populations at southwest in Tianchi on January 27, 2015. That will prove three populations about 250 individuals extinct in Yunlong County during 60 years. The study found that extinction of the same black and white snub-nosedmonkey populations inYunlong County is not the sudden disappearance of the entire population but gradual retreat at different times in different activities in the Area until the extinction of the entire population. This shows that extinction of a black and white snub-nosedmonkey in Yunlong County presents constantly shrinking variation from south to north, from low to high elevations. And extinction time of black and white snub-nosedmonkey at each area in Yunlong County is closely related to destruction strength of the surrounding habitat. The period of extinction of black and white snub-nosedmonkey is concentrated in the 1970 s, 1980 s and 1990 s in Yunlong County. And finally visits showed that black and white snub-nosedmonkey habitat destruction strength focused on this period. It concludes that it is not directly kill of human as ultimate extinct factors about Yunlong black and white snub-nosedmonkey, but it is available and effective habitat fragmentation and loss that caused badly by human activities.By analyzing the data, it found that extinction factors that affect available and effective habitat of black and white snub-nosedmonkey are the available and effective habitat area/population size, degree of fragmentation, topology, the proportion of forest types and geography. The end result that area is 9.48 km2 will lead to die out. Available and effective degree of habitat fragmentation reach 0.12, species will become extinct. The available and effective habitat topological shape is the lower connect strip, species will become extinct. Under the condition of more cold mixed forest and species is better when warm mixed forests and cold mixed forests is balance, species will become extinct. In the geographical environment, the gap of upper limit and lower limit on the elevation is smaller, species will become extinct. Distance from the village is more near, species will become extinct. Grade is placid, species will become extinct.The researchers found the new species of black-and-white snub-nosedmonkey that the number of population is less than 30 in Dali prefecture, Yunnan province, Yunlong county Tianchi national nature reserve On January 27, 2015. Now black and white snub-nosedmonkey populations in Yunlong County are that the existing black and white snub-nosedmonkey is southernmost population distribution, longest distances of the adjacent, the smallest habitat, least amount and the largest interference. It ismost easy falling into a becoming extinct population. Themonkeys on the ecological gradients are in a very unique position and represent one of themost extreme habitats. So it has extremely important value about black and white snub-nosedmonkeys in the study of behavioral science, ecology, genetic.