Study On Bird Diversity In Poyang Lake Shores And The Lakes Of Nanchang City

Birds are the important members of the lake ecosystem. Bird diversity not only reflects the condition of the bird community, but also can reflect the quality of habitat environment. To provide the basics information of bird diversity in Poyang lake shores and the lakes in Nanchang city, the author has done studies in four areas of Poyang lake shores and five lakes in Nanchang. The results showed as following:1. Bird composition and diversity in Poyang lakeFrom November 2012 to March 2013, the bird diversity in the shores was investigated using line transects and point counts methods in Poyang lake National Nature Reserve, Nanjishan National Nature Reserve, Poyang County Baishazhou Nature Reserve, Douchang migratory birds Provincial Nature Reserve. A total of 69 species belonging to 26 families, 6 orders were recorded. Of the 69 species, The Black-shouldered Kite(Elanus caeruleus), Northern Harrier(Circus cyaneus),Chinese Goshawk(Accipiter soloensis), Common Buzzard(Buteo buteo)and Lesser Kestrel( Falco tinnunculus) are listed in the second category of the nationally protected wildlife species. The largest number of five species are Pycnonotus sinensis,Acridotheres cristatellus, Anthus rubescens, Passer montanus and Sturnus sericeus.In different times the five most abundant species are different in Poyang lake shores. The common dominant species are Paradoxornis webbianus, Lanius schach and Streptopelia chinensis in four times.Residents and winter migrants are the most abundant elements, which account for 55.07% and 31.89% of total species, respectively. In term of avifauna, Palaearctic elements, accounting for 44.93%, are the most common elements, followed by Oriental elements(30.43%).The highest number of species was recorded for Douchang migratory birds Provincial Nature Reserve, diversity and evenness indices are highest in Nanjishan National Nature Reserve. Diversity and evenness indices are lowest but the highest dominant coefficient value is in Poyang Lake Nature Reserve.2. Birds composition and diversity in five lakes of Nanchang cityFrom October 2013 to June 2014, the bird diversity in five lakes of Nanchang city(Aixihu lake 、 Yaohu lake 、 Qinglan lake 、 Jinxi lake 、 Junshan lake) was investigated using line transects and point counts methods. A total of 124 species belonging to 40 families, 12 orders were recorded. Of the 124 species, there are 56 water birds. The Oriental white stork(Ciconia boyciana), Black stork(Ciconia nigra),Siberian crane(Grus leucogeranus) are listed in the first category of the nationally protected wildlife species. Six species were listed in the second category of the nationally protected wildlife species. The five most abundant species are Anas falcata、Sturnus sericeus、Anser fabalis、Larus ridibundus、Podiceps cristatus and Fulica atra。Residents and winter migrants are the most abundant elements, which account for 36.51% and 46.03% of total species, respectively. Summer migrants and travel birds accounted for 17.46%. In term of avifauna, Palaearctic elements, accounting for52.42%, are the most common elements, followed by Oriental elements(28.22%).The highest diversity index is in Yaohu lake(H ’= 4.13), the lowest is Junshan lake(H’ = 2.68). Similar evenness index occurred in Aixihu lake, Qinglan lake, jinxi lake. The highest dominance index is in Junshan lake(0.29), the lowest in Jingxi lake(0.10).The bird species has no difference in five lakes(F4,35=4.131,P=0.008). Aixihu lake birds species is extremely significant higher than that in Junshan lake(F4,35=3.451,P=0.000). Water birds has no difference in five lakes(F4,35=1.492,P=0.226),Aixihu lake and Junshanhu lake water birds has a little different(F4,35=2.048,P=0.045). The number of average observed birds slightly more in autumn migration,the similar number of winter period and spring migration. The evenness index of two migratory periods are significant higher than winter period(F2,4 =8.352, P=0.037).The number and percentage of water birds species in autumn migration and winter period are similar, significantly(F2,4=10.111, P=0.027) and extremely significant(F2,4=19.867, P=0.008) higher than spring migration period.Urban lakes with reasonable exploitation can still provide a good living habitat for birds. The aquaculture decreased the diversity of birds and made the community structure simplification.