| Dynamic research about the natural condition of human settlement environment can scientifically provide not only the spatial pattern and variation of human settlement environment natural suitability for coordinating the sustainable development between regional population, resources and environment, but also decision support for the region’s development program in the future. It has a practical significance for scientifically understanding population spatial distribution pattern, for improving the efficiency of the urban and rural construction management, and for achieving regional sustainable development.Topography, climate, hydrology, vegetative cover and land are the basic natural elements of human settlement environment which not only directly affect the people’s health and life quality, but also deeply affect the suitability of human living environment.With GIS, RS and SPSS technology, based on the data of the study area, including meteorological data from 28 weather stations in Henan province from 1989 to 2011, DEM data with grid size of 30 meters, TM images (include years of 1990,2000,2010) used for extraction the NDVI, population data, economic data and other relevant materials with 1km× 1km grid as elevating unit, combined with the actual situation of the Henan, topography, climate, hydrology,land and vegetative cover were selected as individual indicators to calculate the raster data sets of Relief Degree of Land Surface(RDLS), Temperature Humidity Index(THI), Wind Effect Index(K), Water Resource Index (WRI), Land Cover Index(LCI) and Land Carring Capacity Index(LCC). And then based on the indexs and the distribution of population, this paper used correlation coefficient method to determine the weights of each evaluation factor and established the Human settlement Environment Composite Index (HECI) model. And then, we had quantitatively and dynamically evaluated and analyzed the human settlement environment natural suitability of Henan in 1990,2000 and 2010 respectively. Finally, relationship between the natural suitability evaluation results and population were analyzed at county level and optimized recommendations were proposed for the natural suitability. The results showed as follows:(1) In 1990,2000, and 2010, critical-suitable regions were 13989.11km2,20782.22km2, and 16365.40km2, accounted for 8.48%,12.59%, and 9.92% of the total area respectively. They mainly located in the mountainous areas of Luoyang city, Sanmenxia city, and Nanyang city in Henan province, where natural suitability is worst with larger RDLS, higher average elevation and vegetation coverage, lower LCC. The number of people living in the regions was 367.87 million, 1577.05 million, and 375.49 million respectively, accounted for 4.18%,16.71%, and 3.93% of the total population in the three years.(2) The areas of General-suitable districts cover 22435.19km2,58315.46km2, and 17527.32 km2 respectively, accounted for 36.41%,35.34%, and 10.62% of the total area. They mainly located in the west, south, north, and central mountainous and hilly regions, where the average elevation is 800-1000 meters with larger RDLS and vegetation coverage, and worse WR. The number of people living in the regions was 1050.13million,3252.56million, and 844.72million, accounted for 11.92%, 34.46%, and 8.84% of the total population respectively in the three years.(3) Moderate-suitable areas cover of 61620.34km2,44562.29km2, and 31611.15km2, accounted for 37.34%,27.01%, and 19.16% of the total area respectively. They scatteredly located in the southwest, central, Nanyang Basin with hills and plain region mainly, where the climate was suitable with smaller RDLS, better LCI and WRI. The number of people who were living in the regions was 4103.64million,2340.67million, and 2059.85million, accounted for 46.60%,24.80%, and 21.55% of the total population respectively in the three years.(4) High-suitable areas cover of 66985.01km2,41355.08km2, and 99514.13km2, accounted for 40.59%,25.06%, and 60.31% of the total area respectively. They mainly located in the east North China Plain, where terrain is flat with the smallest RDLS, the largest LCC, suitable climate and better WRI. The number of people living in the region separately was 3284.70million, 2268.22million, and 6279.18million, accounted for 37.30%,24.03%, and 65.69% of the total population respectively in the three years.(5) In general, most parts of Province were suitable for human settlement and the suitability of human living environment was better in the central and east than that in west of Henan province. The trend of human living environment had beeen declined from from 1990 to 2000, and been ascended from 2000 to 2010 generally. The ecological environment in the Henan was more and more better, more and more suitable for human settlement. But because of the impacts of special geographical location and topography, the spatial distribution of their human settlement environment is quite different. At the same time, the distribution of the population is more reasonable, and 85% people were living in moderate-suitable and high-suitable districts where living environment was 80% of the total areas. |
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