Genetic Diversity Of The Population Of Rugosa Emeljanowi Based On Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

Rugosa emeljanovi was distributed in the three northeastern provinces in China.The northeast region across the temperate zone and frigid zone from south to north, it has a moderate monsoonal climate and four distinctive seasons. The basic character of the ground structure of the northeast in China is mountain ring of water around and vast fields. It is Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea in the south, and it has the Yalu river, the Tumen river, the Wusuli river and the Heilong river in the east and north, only the west is the continent side. In this region, there are the Great Khingan Mountains,Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountains. It is Songliao plain and depression of the Bohai Sea in the middle. The northeast has abundant water resources and dense rivers. Rugosa emeljanovi is living in the paddy field water, the slowly shore of the rivers, the mountain streams and canals.The partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b gene from 29 individuals were studied via PCR and sequencing, to investigate the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Rugosa emeljanowi. We obtained 587 bp from mitochondrial DNA control region and 895 bp from cytochrome b gene. Based on the analysis of coalescent data, 16 polymorphic sites were found and 14 haplotypes were detected. Haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and average number of nucleotide differences were 0.704, 0.001 and 1.438, respectively. These results showed that there was a lower genetic diversity among the population of Rugosa emeljanovi. According to analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA), the genetic variation within populations was very high, being 98.13 %. The genetic differentiation between populations was not significant(Fst = 0.0187). The results suggested that we need to strengthen the conservation for populations of Rugosaemeljanovi.The partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene of Rugosa emeljanowi is compared with the partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene of Rugosa emeljanowi in Korea, Rugosa emeljanowi in Korea may be separated into two different limb A and B, A throughout the Korea territory, B is concentrated in the central region of southeast Korea, the population of Tonghae in Korea was found in two different limb. The magnitude of deviation for the partial sequences of cytochrome b gene of six populations in the clade A is 0~0.8%, the four populations in the clade B is 0~1.0%, but the sequence variance of this two clade is 5.4%~6.6%, The genetic distance based on the Kimure of clade A and B is 6.7%.In this study, The partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b gene is merged, the nucleotide diversity is only 0.001,the average nucleotide difference is 1.438, the genetic distance of nine populations is 0~0.2%, it is below the genetic diversity of two clades in Korea. The analysis result revealed the population genetic variation of Rugosa emeljanowi is almost from the individual in population, between the population has not genetic differentiation(FST = 0.01868), it is significantly less than the population in Korea.