| Fran ois′Langur(Trachypithecus francoisi) is unique to primates inhabiting inthe karst habitats.For a long time, human excessive exploited the natural resources resultedin the habitats of the Francois’ langurs repeatedly atrophy and degeneration,further madethe behavior of T. francoisi showed some flexibility,at the same time,the habitatfragmentation and patch levels rising caused the populations of wild Francois’ langurdeclines and it was classified as an endangered primate species by IUCN at2008. In orderto explore the behavioral phenotype of T. francoisi and its impact factors in the habitatswhich had been disturbed and degradation,more deeply understanded the adaptationstraegy to karst habitatsof the species, a group of the T. francoisi including13individualsat XGB of MNR(28°37’30"～28°40’N，108°14’～108°16’E) was investigated and collecteddatas systematically on its diet, activity patterns and time budgets via instantaneous scansampling.The results showed that there were three resting peaks of the study group of T.francoisi presented during10:00and16:00-17:00, with two feeding peaks presented during7:00-8:00&12:00, while, there was a state of continuous feeding between two feedingpeaks, moving and other types of behavior occurrence frequency no obviousfluctuation.Seasonality influenced activity budgets of the study group very seriously exceptmoving,there were four resting peaks of the study in spring&summer,and three ones inautumn&winter. The feeding was similar to annual day activity are similar while itsintensity fluctuation more obvious in spring and summer and it appeared three feedingpeaks in spring and four ones in summer.While it showed continued feeding inautumn&winter, but they also appeared three and two feeding peaks respectively.Seasonality influenced other types of activity budgets a little bit except it appeared threepeaks in summer. XGB group spent38.46%(SD=8.25%) of its daytime inresting,35.66%(SD=11.43%) in feeding,14.57%(SD=4.17%) in moving,6.62%(SD=4.09%)in grooming,2.02%(SD=2.64%) in playing and2.68%(SD=0.62%) in otheractivities,respectively.Their time budgets showed significant seasonal variation exceptresting (One-way ANOVA test:F=1.182,df=3,p>0.05) and others (F=0.772, p>0.05),theyspent a greater proportion of time in resting in spring&winter than the other seasons. Inautumm, they spent more time12.2%&5.5%in grooming and playing respectively,whileless time in feeding than the other seasons. In summer, they devoted more time18.2%inmoving than the other seasons.They devoted more time15.7%to otheractivities incopulation season.Time budgets also different among different sex-age classes,the adultsspent a greater time39.15%in resting, and juveniles in moving13.8%.The requirements togestation&lactation and maintain social stability for adult females,they spent more time36.9%in feeding and8.7%in grooming.Whlie,adult male devoted more time11.4%inother activities and infants51%in playing because of their activity capability.The results also showed that the food resources influenced time budgets of T. francoisi significantly.For example, the study group rested longer,whlie would reduce their feedingand moving time when corn(Zea mays)(rs=0.863, p=0.003for resting;rs=-0.737,p=0.039for feeding;rs=-0.658,p=0.047for moving) and sweet potato(Ipomoeabatatas)(rs=0.849,p=0.043for resting;rs=-0.912,p=0.031;rs=0.917,p=0.033for playing)were abundant in summer&autumm respectively,at the same time,they also played longerwhen sweet potato were abundant in autumm,but the resources of swida wilsoniana(Cornus wilsoniana) fruits influenced time budgets of T. francoisi a bit(p>0.05).Furthermore,the monkeys would reduce their resting time (rs=-0.753,p=0.007)and increased moving time (rs=0.833, p=0.047) when the leaves were abundant.With thebuds growing,the study group would reduce their resting time (rs=-0.949, p=0.049) andplaying time (rs=-0.949, p=0.049),while increased their feeding time (rs=0.921,p=0.036).However,the study group would reduce their moving&feeding time(rs=-0.928,p=0.031for feeding;rs=-0.781,p=0.029for moving) and increased their restingtime (rs=0.874, p=0.003) when the seeds grew.At the same time,with the roots or tubersgrowing,the study group would reduce their feeding time (rs=-1.000, p=0.000),whileincreased their resting time (rs=1.000, p=0.000) and playing time (rs=1.000,p=0.000).However,the precipitation and monthly mean temperature did not influence timebudgets of the study group at all (p>0.05).The all results testified that a variety ofenvironmental factors influenced time budgets of T. francoisi.At last,we offering somecountermeasures based on the analysis to the survival status of the Francois’ langur and thecurrent actual situation of the ecological environment in this area. |
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