Research On Protocol Stack In Wireless Sensor Network

The emergence and development of wireless sensor network (WSN) is promoted by sensor technology, Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), modern networks and wireless communication. Hasing got physical information from the real world directly, WSN is used to lots of fields which contains of military defense, industrial and agricultural control, city management, biologic treatment, environment detection, antiterrorism and the remote control of dangerous region. It's becoming a hot research topic for its extensive foreground.As a special class of network, the WSN need a network protocol for communication on the air and supporting technology for the kernel structure so that an efficiency software platform for all applications will be provided.A WSN protocol stack design is presented in this paper. Taken reliability, stability and self-organized, accorded with the application characteristics of WSN into account, the overall framework and each layers' function of the protocol stack, as well as algorithm and frame format of each layer, are designed. CC2420 RF chip implements the function of physical layer and data link layer. The CSMA/CA algorithm is adopted as channel access algorithm, and an error control mechanism that can assure the reliability of peer-to-peer communication is used to guarantee the reliable data transmission of under layer. In the network layer, a dynamic network routing algorithm is achieved. Based on the existing routing protocols, an on-demand routing protocol is improved and implemented, which provides a reliable, adaptive routing protocol for the WSN. Implementing a self-organizing network algorithm makes WSN hold self-organizing capabilities. Organizing the tree network, combined with the routing achieve a mesh network. Finally, some applications such as location and temperature sensor are supported in the protocol stack. The detailed design of protocol, including overall stack design, the main function and algorithm of each layer, is illustrated in the paper.Finally, the performance of protocol is verified by testing the overall stabilitystability, reliability and each protocol layer. The protocol stack of WSN, which is present in this paper, not only can be used as a platform for deeply study of WSN, but also provides a reference for the application development in many fields.