| Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network system which is multi-hops and self-organization. It contains hundreds or thousands of small sensor nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. The purpose of organizing a sensor network is to sense, gather, and process the information monitored in the network coverage region, and then send to the observers. With sensor technology, low-power electronic and radio frequency technology developing constantly, low-cost wireless micro-sensors are applicated to large scale, and the wireless sensor network is widely used in many fields, such as military, commercial, medical care, environmental monitoring and so on.Since the sensor nodes are mostly used for battery-powered, energy supply for sensor nodes is limited, saving energy and prolonging network lifetime are two key issues of wireless sensor networks. For the sensor network running effectively, how to design routing algorithms that can not only save energy and extend network lifetime, but also lower transmission delay of the data packets is critical. This is the main points of this article.To overcome the problem, arising from some energy-saving routing algorithms, that some key nodes are placed to heavy burden for forwarding data packets and accordingly their power are drained out quickly so that network lifetime is shortened, this paper proposes two routing algorithms, referred to as ratio weight (Ratio-W) and sum weight (Sum-W) routing algorithms respectively, by means of following shortest path tree algorithms that construct two different kinds of weight functions, each considering both remaining energy of nodes and the required energy for delivering packets on links. Simulation exhibits the Ratio-W and the Sum-W can prolong network lifetime and make energy consumed efficiently and effectively. In addition, the proposed algorithms outperform some well-known routing algorithms in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption. |
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