Research On Energy-Saving Technology Based On Network Topology And Routing In Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years,the development and progress of wireless communication technology provide opportunities and challenges to the application of wireless sensor networks. WSN is a self-organizing network-intensive of wireless communications, with advantages of distributed processing capabilities, the ability to detect high-precision monitoring, fault-tolerant high-capacity, wide coverage, remote monitoring, and data center, and has a wide range of potential applications. However, WSN has a large number of micro-sensor nodes, the energy such micro-sensor nodes is very limited , and its energy can not be added or replaced, once depleted, nodes will be "dead". Therefore, energy is the most important resource in WSN, affecting the life of WSN, which has also affected the application of WSN. In order to maximize the life of WSN, and promote application of WSN, we must study the energy-saving.This paper research energy-saving for WSN mainly from the topology control and routing. The topology control technology can be extended the survival time of network , reduce inter-node communication interference, MAC protocol and improve the efficiency of routing protocols, and provide for data integration based on topology, and it is also an important energy-saving technologies. From the point of view of energy saving, the flow of data generated by network layer has significant redundancy, should try to reduce redundancy. For example, the use such as data fusion technology in routing protocols, can be effective in reducing the flow of data across the network, reducing redundant data communications, which can reduce communications, reduce the use of the communications module. In any case, reducing the flow of data across the network associated closely with the design of routing protocol.This paper introduces the basic knowledge of WSN, then from a single sensor node architecture and the entire WSN detailed analysis the WSN energy consumption, in order to find the most reasonable energy-saving strategies. The results show that the transceiver components of sensor node has the highest consumption of energy, and other node components hava less energy consumption, and, transceiver components in a different mode-working, its energy consumption is also different. For the whole network system, the main energy consumption comes from a variety of communication protocols, because these protocol controlling and regulating the work of sensor nodes, of course, using the node transceiver components. Clearly, the more use of the total number of nodes, the more use of node transceiver components, and the total energy consumption of WSN by the communication protocol is more. Routing protocol design should consider how uniform and efficient to use the energy of sensor network node, use of a small number of nodes should be able to get intended effect, and maximize the life of the network.Then study the current representative technology of energy-saving routing and topology control, analysis and compare their advantages and disadvantages. In the fifth chapter, according to the energy consumption analysis results, reference the merits of the representative protocol, a clear energy-saving focus on reducing node transceiver components usage. According to the characteristics of WSN data transmission(data transmission along the route to a final designated destination), and ultimately using the shortest path tree algorithm constructs routing. Compared with the minimum spanning tree, the structure of the shortest path tree routing has many advantages with low-latency, energy saving and improve the reliability of the entire WSN. This paper also done a numerical experiment, which come to the conclusion from the two of nodes uniform and random deployment.