Research On Secure Localization For Wireless Sensor Networks

Localization technology is one of the most fundamental requirements and also one of the key supporting technologies in Wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As the WSN is generally deployed in the hostile environment, the localization of nodes can be disrupted easily by the adverse attackers, which determines the significance of security in localization. Secure localization technique detects the attacks in the network and reduce the potentially devastating influence caused by the attacks. Secure localization technology is a key in localization of nodes in WSNs, which guarantees the validity of localization procedure. An architecture of secure localization is proposed to defense two typical attacks, wormhole attack and compromise attack.The wormhole attack is classified into duplex wormhole attack and simplex wormhole attack according to the geometrical relationship between the attackers and the sensor, after which the impact of the wormhole attack on the TDoA range-based and RSSI range-based localization is analyzed. A novel secure localization mechanism against wormhole attack based on the conflicting set is proposed, which includes wormhole attack detection, neighbor locators differentiation and secure localization. A new detection scheme is proposed to detect the wormhole attack with a high quality of performance, and the mathematical model of detection probability is also formulated and validated; Two different neighbor locators differentiation schemes are proposed corresponding to the scenario with no packet loss and the scenario with packet loss irrespectively; The dubious neighbor locators are eliminated to obtain secure localization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed secure localization mechanisms against the wormhole attack outperform other mechanisms.Another secure localization scheme against wormhole attack, based on consistency, is proposed to achieve secure localization. The sensor firstly detects a part of the valid neighbor locators using the communication properties, based on the consistency the sensor continues to search other valid neighbor locators one by one, and deletes the abnormal locators. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of our proposed secure localization scheme.The attacker model of distance-consistent spoofing attack which is based on the compromise attack is built, and its impact on the range-based local- ization is analyzed. Four secure properties in WSNs are summarized, based on which three secure localization algorithms including basic TSCD, enhanced TSCD and mobility-aided TSCD are proposed to overcome the distance-consistent spoofing attack. The mathematical model used to determine the probability for successful secure localization in basic TSCD is built and validated. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve better performance than existing approaches under the same network parameters.