| Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes of sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities, which demonstrates comprehensive application prospect in many fields as military, medicine, space exploration, industry, civilian and home network. It is made by the convergence of sensor, micro-electro-mechanism system and network technologies, which is a novel technology about acquiring and processing information and can be used to transfer information to the terminal users. With respect to routing, present protocols proposed in wireless, ad-hoc and the Bluetooth networks can not be used to sensor network directly. In order to prolong the lifetime effectively, developing some special routing protocol for wireless sensors network becomes the most important issue of this research field.Clustering routing is a fundamental mechanism to prolong the network lifetime. The design of clustering schemes faces two essential challenges, namely, the scale of clusters and the even distributions of cluster heads. Based on the background presented in the former context, the characteristics, applications, foreground of WSNs and the critical issues in designation and the taxonomy of routing algorithm are introduced. And then we show the detail description of some classical routing algorithm proposed recently. Mainly, we present a novel clustering scheme integrating hierarchical clustering on the basis of classical routing algorithm LEACH. In our designation, the multi-clusterhead of the bottom level and the minimum forwarding cost field of the top level are adopted. The proposed algorithm can efficiently mitigate the hot spot problem induced by the many-to-one communication mode in wireless sensor networks. Simulation results show that the new scheme efficiently achieves much improvement in network lifetime and load balance compared to the old algorithm.At the end, we concluded the work proposed above and noted the future work respectively. |
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