Study On Wireless Sensor Network Architecture And Routing Algorithm

Wireless sensor networks represent a new paradigm for data gathering and processing from the environment and enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for applications that include military, surveillance, machine failure diagnosis, and chemical/biological detection. An important challenge in the design of these is energy, which is significantly more limited than in a tethered network environment. The constraint requires innovation design technique to use the available energy efficiently.A well-designed WSN architecture is scalable, robust and self-organize. It can improve the efficiency of routing and MAC protocols and provide a basis for data fusion, time synchronization and objects localization. An effective routing algorithm is another way to use the available energy efficiently. Both of effective routing algorithm and well-designed WSN architecture can extend the network life-time. In order to use the limited energy efficiently and extend the network life-time, the main contents of the paper are as follows:Firstly, In order to grasp the latest situation about WSN, many literatures have been collected and studied.Secondly, the architecture, characteristics and key techniques about WSN have been generalized. In addition, a classification of existing routing algorithm has been done.Thirdly, the hexagonal cell-based architecture for wireless sensor network has been studied, and then an optimal tier algorithm has been proposed.Fourthly, the existing routing algorithm have been studied and generalized. Base on the minimum transmission energy, the minimum transmission energy based on clustering has been proposed.Finally, Simulation analysis have been conducted when the optimal tier algorithm and minimum transmission energy based on clustering used for substation automation. The numerical results show that our optimal tier algorithm and routing protocol can prolong the life-time effectively.