The Study On Equal Cluster-based Routing Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks

As a novel way of acquiring and processing information, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been an attractive research hot-spot all over the world. It is a late-model non-infrastructure network, and can be used for testing, sensing, collecting and processing information of monitored objects. WSN do not need the fixed infrastructure, and take on the strong-point of convenience and strong invulnerability. So it can be widely used in commercial and military fields. Both academia and industries have shown great interests in WSN.This dissertation mainly studies the design of routing protocol in WSN. The number of sensor nodes in WSN is numerous and single node is extraordinarily limited in resource, so the important aim of designing routing protocol of WSN is to reduce the overall energy-dissipated in the networks and to maximize the networks lifetime. We analyzed and compared some routing protocols that proposed by oversea researchers, and then present a new energy-efficient cluster-based routing protocol of WSN - Equal Cluster-based Dynamic Multi-hop Routing (ECDMR) protocol.Based on LEACH protocol, ECDMR protocol has two improvements just described as following:1. ECDMR protocol consists of a cluster selection algorithm with equal distributed cluster head, which uses competition range to construct clusters of equal sizes and select cluster heads on residual energy of nodes, so the energy dissipated of clusters shows equal distributing.2. ECDMR protocol includes a weight-based multi-hop routing protocol used for inter clusters, which adapt to setting up router-table with weight to communicate inter cluster heads and Sink. But multi-hop routing leads to more energy-dissipated of the nodes close to Sink. ECDMR protocol introduces a parameter about the state of energy changed, to update the router-table dynamically to decrease the energy-dissipated of the nodes close to Sink and avoids imbalanced energy-dissipated among cluster heads. Finally, the simulation results show that ECDMR protocol efficiently balances energy-dissipated of the whole networks and prolongs the lifetime of the networks.