Research Into Prolonging The Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Network Based On Clustering Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a novel network that is proposed to collect,transmit and communicate data to the Base Station(BS).Because the nodes always work outdoors and are battery-powered,how to prolong the lifetime by conserving limited battery resources is particularly important to WSNs. Clustering is a fundamental mechanism to prolong the lifetime. The design of clustering schemes faces two essential challenges, namely, the scale of clusters and the distributions of cluster heads. Most of the existing clustering algorithms always elect cluster heads randomly, which results in the uneven distribution of cluster heads and the greatly different number of each cluster members.Based on the above background ,firstly ,the characteristics,applications and foreground of WSNs are introduced, then ,this paper gives the details of the network modes of WSNs and energy consumption, in addition, several classic clustering algorithms are analyzed: Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS) and Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks(EEHC).LEACH presents the formula of calculating the optimum number of clusters,in which the limited processing capacity of nodes is not considered. Based on the analysis results, this paper introduces the concept of compression ratio which indicates the compression capability of sensor nodes. The formula of the optimum number of clusters is extended by assuming a simple model for the radio hardware energy dissipation. Moreover, we get the conclusion:when the number of cluster members equals the compression ratio,the network consumes the minimum energy and has the longest lifetime. Simulation results show that the energy consumption is...