Research On Routing Protocol And Its Applications In Ad Hoc Networks Based On Pheromone Mechanism

Ad Hoc network is a multi-hop wireless network that without a ccentral node, without a fixed infrastructure, the resources (energy, memory, bandwidth, etc.) of the nodes in the networks are limited. In many cases, the energy of a node in Ad Hoc networks is difficult to be replenished. In addition, due to the inherent characteristics of Ad Hoc networks, their security is poor, vulnerable to malicious attacks such as the node discards the packets. Therefore, balance and reduce nodes'energy consumption, avoiding the node from malicious attacking, will play an important role to improve the performance of the networks.This article researches on the energy conservation mechanism, geographic routing and the secure routing (malicious discard packets) respectively based on pheromones theory. We use the network simulation tool NS-2 to perform extensive simulations to demonstrate its validity. The main contributions can be summarized as follows:(1) According to the characterstics of Ad Hoc network and its development phase, by introduction of Energy Conservation Mechanism, we proposed an energy efficient routing protocol EC-PPRA based on the ant colony routing algorithm. We also use NS-2 to perform extensive simulations to demonstrate the superiority of EC-PPRA. The results show that EC-PPRA can significantly prolong the network lifetime by improving the average node residual energy and the number of live nodes.(2) According to the application of the geographic routing protocols, by introduction of Fermat Point Theorem, we combine anycasting, restricted broadcasting with local broadcasting, and proposed a geographic routing protocol F-G-PPRA based on the Pheromone theory. We also use NS-2 to make simulation and study its performance, the results show that F-G-PPRA can significantly prolong the network lifetime by reduce the routing overhead, improving the average node residual energy and balance the nodes'energy consumption.(3) According to the secure routing issue (malicious discard packets) of Ad Hoc Networks. By focusing on local information of the nodes, we explored the the swarm intelligence algorithm and propose a secure multi-routing scheme based on the pheromone mechanism. We also build the multi-routing traffic model and attack model for our scheme and verify the scheme by extensive simulation under NS-2. Simulation results show that our scheme can maintain an amazing packet delivery ratio while avoiding the paths that contain malicious nodes, and thus improve the security of the network.