Theoretical Analysis Of Optical Lattice In Optical Clocks And Research Of Solid Laser Based On NV Center Diamonds

The progress in the field of measurements of time and frequency is tightly linked to the development of atomic physics. In the last twenty years, the development of laser cooling and trapping atoms and the technique of femtosecond optical combs allows the measurements of atomic spectra and optical frequencies to reach an extremely high accuracy. By using the cold atoms without outside perturbations, atomic fountains of Cs atoms have been the definition of the SI second, and atomic clocks are one of important parts in Global Positioning System now. But the accuracy of atomic fountains has almost gotten its limit and is hard to improve.According to Allan deviation, now the sort of atomic clocks which is most promising to reach the highest uncertainty is the optical lattice clocks of neutral atoms. The optical lattices used in optical clocks could make the tapped atoms in Lamb-Dicke regime and eliminate the 1st order Doppler shifts and recoil shifts in the clock spectra of atoms, so the uncertainties of optical clocks could be quitely improved and it has great sense to improve the standard of time and frenquency.Fistly in the thesis, based on the model of the interactions between the atoms of two energy levels and laser fields, and by using Optical Bloch equation, we explain the principal of optical lattices, and calculate the relationship between the power of laser and the temperature of trapped atoms in related experiments.If one want to trap a large quantity of atoms in optical lattices, bigger intensities or furture cooling are needed.Secondly, through using the model of the interactions between the atoms of mutiple levels and laser fields and using the method of time-dependent perturbation, we analyze the effects of light shifts induced by optical lattice fields and calculate the magic wavelengths of optical lattices used in optical clocks. The magic wavelengths could eliminate the 1st order light shifts induced by the optical lattice fileds. Also, we use this model to calculate the magic wavelengths of Mg, Ca, Sr and Yb atoms. The results will be important to choose the wavelengths of optical lattices in the experiments of optical clocks. Meanwhile, we take the hyperpolarizabilities, the collision shifts, the geometry structures of optical lattices and some other effects of lattices in analysis, and we design one geometry structure of optical lattices which is probably to improve the uncertainties of optical lattice clocks.Thirdly, by using the optical properties of NV center diamonds, we design a kind of solide laser based on NV center diamonds. This kind of lasers has the advantages of small volumes and no temperature control systems and its range of spectra covers many magic wavelengths of optical lattice clocks, so it is very possible to generate the optical lattices for optical clocks and it is meaningful for the futural miniaturization of optical lattice clocks. We completed the model and the design for the laser based on NV center diamonds, which will provide the theoretical basis for this kind of lasers to be used in the systems of optical lasttice clocks.