Study On Ant-Colony Based Routing Algorithm For WSN

With the fast development and maturation increasingly of the sensor technology, wireless communications technology, computer science and micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, wireless sensor networks emerge. Wireless sensor network experienced three levels roughly:intelligent sensor, wireless intelligent sensor and wireless sensor network, and now become a new information acquiring technique, and widely used. Wireless sensor network (WSN) consisted of a huge number of low-cost, low-power tiny sensor nodes that can communicate with each other to perform sensing and data processing cooperatively in ad-hoc manner, and the network can transfer the data that sensor nodes acquisition and processing in the monitor area from sensor nodes to control center. As sensor nodes has limited energy, reducing nodes energy consumption and extending the life cycle of networks become the core issues in WSN.Wireless sensor network will transfer the data of the monitor area from sensor nodes to the viewer, and routing protocol wants to find the best way to transmit data from source node to the destination node. The design of routing protocol plays a pivotal role in WSN, the first thing that routing protocol designs is reducing nodes energy consumption and extending the life cycle of the networks. The routing protocol can divide into plane routing protocol and cluster routing protocol, and cluster routing protocol is more suitable for WSN. This paper studied LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy or LEACH in abbreviation) protocol in depth, and improved the setting of adjacent clusters routing based on ant-colony.The main contents in the paper as follows:first, briefly introduce the wireless sensor network about the hard ware configuration, key technical properties and applied range, analyzed the distributed of energy consumption of sensor nodes; second, introduce the routing protocol in WSN about the classification and some typical routing, and offer the measures of reducing the energy consumption; third, propose LEACH-A (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy based on Ant or LEACH-A in abbreviation) protocol that can reduce energy consumption and prolong the life cycle based on ant colony. In LEACH-A protocol, node residual energy and the distance of each node is introduced in the cluster-head's election and the phase of data transmission, and present the concept of search angle and ring model in the touting algorithm of adjacent cluster, where, searching angle can avoid searching in the whole network and can reduce energy consumption; ring model can retain the distance of each node when sensor nodes choose the next node, and the way of data transmit is multi-hop. And then, the simulation result shows LEACH-A protocol can reduce energy consumption and prolong the life cycle. In the end, summarizes the work and the future work.