The Transformation And Evolution Of School Education In Nanyang Area (1840-1911)

"Modernization", as the superstructure "education ", whose transformation is one of the most important contents, has the most profound impact and the most dramatic social changes in human history.Nanyang lying in inland, is the economic and military town of Henan southwest. Compared with other regions, its economic condition is better, but relative to the maritime provinces along the river and coast is relatively closed. the modernization process is relatively slow, which performed very well in the process of the development of education.In the late of Qing Dynasty, the complicated social environment of Nanyang region made originally tending to depression of the development of the traditional education more difficult. First of all, the Northern Expedition of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Nien Rebellion of the army uprising made territory suffer from years of war, schools badly destroyed. Second, Nanyang county Le Gang, as a stronghold of the modern Catholic activities in China, triggering a series of problems, brought a great impact to people’s thoughts. Finally, the complex geographical environment caused lots of bandit activities, school teachers and students as well as teaching activities severely harassed.After the New Policies of latter stage of Qing Dynasty, with the innovation of education, the development of education in Nanyang region took an opportunity. Eventually, under the officials in different places and the gentry, merchants, temples, public organizations’ broad participation, education completed the transformation from the traditional to the modern and developed a modern new education system, of which, the contribution of some key characters plays an important promoting role. Such as Zhang Jiamou, Yang Heting, Wang Keting, Cui Benyu and so on. They established schools, ruling himself, which opened an atmosphere of the earth and promoting the progress of the local education.The professionalization of education administrative agencies, the foundation of all kinds of schools at all levels, the change of the educational system, the innovation of teaching contents, etc., made the conservative school education glow the vitality and completed the final evolution. However, due to the shorter time of the reform, onerous task, and the frequently government decree, which caused many problems and disadvantages existing in the development of modern education, such as the incomplete of reform and adjustment, the imbalance of the educational development, the incompetence of the faculties, the shortage of funds, etc. However, if we put these problems and shortcomings of the education innovation under the historical background, all these can be tolerant and comprehensive. Finally, this article based on the study of the development and transition of Nanyang area’s school education, summarizing the empirical results to provide enlightenment and reference for today’s education practice.