| ObjectiveQi and blood cannot transmit normally in the channel is one of the pathological ca uses of limb and splanchnic disease. The main function of acupuncture and moxibusti on is dredging the channel. This study is about the observation, which is exploring th e pathological changes of the whole body and organs, on the model of blocking stom ach channel and kidney channel in minipigs. The aim of the study is to find out path ological relationship between channel and low hydraulic resistance channel (LHRC) alo ng channel, and establish a macroscopical and quantitative observation method. The co mbination of this method and histological detection method could provide a new thoug ht and method.Method19 minipigs of the same genus were chosen and divided into three groups:Stomach Channel blocking group (SCBG), Kidney Channel blocking group (KCBG) and contro 1 group. Pigs were raise by quantitative drinking water and forage every day. On the blocking channel day, injected gel into LHRC along stomach channel to SCBG and ki dney channel to KCBG. The minipigs of control group were anaesthetized only. Drink ing water volume, urinary volume, weight of wet and dry faces were measured by me asuring glass and electronic weightier.3 minipigs were chosen from each group (stom ach pig, kidney pig and control pig) and drinking water volume and urinary volume were measured continuously every day during the whole test progress. On the blockin g channel day and sacrificing day, body weight and band tape (bust, abdomen, waist and body length) were measured and blood was draw from auricular vein. On the sac rificing day, urine was extracted from bladder, which was tested in biochemical assay. The length and width of teeth was measured by Vernier calipers. Took photo of intern al organs on the measuring plate. Calculated the area of organs by Lattice Method. B ased on the above data, the water content of feces, organ index, organ area index and intestine length index were calculated. Then, a piece of main organs were cut off an d put into fixation fluid like heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, prostate, orchi s, bladder, pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum. These sam ples were made into HE stains sections. Villous length and crypt depth of small intest ine and membrane thickness of large intestine were measured under a microscope. The stomach section was also colored by immunohistochemical coloration and gastrin dens ity was calculated under a microscope.Result1. Macroscopical observation:1.1 Drinking water, urinary volume and faces:Drinking water volume and urinary vo lume of 3 pigs shows that after blocking channel, drinking water volume of stomach pig is increasing 49.31%(P< 0.01) than before, and urinary volume of stomach pig is increasing 56.54%(P<0.01) than before; the drinking water volume and urinary volum e of kidney pig is lower than before; drinking water volume of control pig is increasi ng 35.00%(P<0.01) than before, and urinary volume is increasing 37.45%(P<0.05) th an before. After blocking channel, the result of three groups shows that SCBG is high er than KCBG for 37.52%(P<0.01), and higher than control group for 30.62%(P<0.0 5); there is no significant difference between KCBG and control group(P>0.05). After blocking channel, the result of urinary volume shows that SCBG is higher than KCB G for 57.40%(P<0.01), and higher than control group for 41.24%(P<0.05); there is no significant difference between KCBG and control group(P>0.05). after blocking ch annel, the result of water content of feces shows that SCBG is lower than KCBG for 35.10%(P<0.01), and there is no significant difference between control group and oth ers(P>0.05).1.2 Body weight:There is no significant difference among 3 groups(P>0.05).1.3 Internal organ:The observation of internal organs shows that the color of lung o f 3 groups and texture and membrane of lung of SCBG and control group is unusual in different degrees. The heart content of SCBG and heart membrane of control group is unusual in different degrees. The texture and membrane of liver of control group and KCBG is unusual infrequently. The spleen texture and membrane of control group is unusualy infrequently. The pancreas color of SCBG is unusual infrequently. The w hite granule is found in bladder of KCBG infrequently. There is bloat in small intesti ne and large intestine of 3 groups in different degrees.1.4 Tooth:The result of teeth calculation shows that the first incisor on both sides o f KCBG is longer than SCBG for 30.79%(P<0.01), and longer than control group for 20.62%(P<0.01).1.5 Body index:The result of body index shows that the waist index of SCBG is la rger than control group for 6.78%(P<0.05).1.6 Organ index:The organ index shows that kidney index of SCBG is higher than control group for 12.82%(P<0.05); heart index of KCBG is lower than control group for 24.14%(P<0.05); testis index of KCBG is lower than SCBG for 22.22%(P=0.054) and lower than control group for 26.32%(P=0.36). There is no significant difference a mong other organ index(P>0.05).1.7 Organ area index:The result of organ area index shows that heart area index of KCBG is lower than SCBG for 20.00%(P<0.05) and spleen area index of KCBG is 1 ower than control group for 35.48%(P<0.01).1.8 Intestine length The result of intestine length index shows that there is no signifi cant difference among 3 groups.2. Microscopic observation and calculation:2.1 Blood The result of blood usea nitrogen shows that there is no significant differen ce between before and after blocking channel(P>0.05). The result of blood creatinine shows that SCBG and control group is lower than reference range; after block channe 1, the blood creatinine level is increasing in 3 groups, and KCBG is lower than SCB G for 13.76%(P<0.05) and lower than control group for 14.51%(P<0.01). There is n o significant difference among 3 groups(P>0.05).2.2Urine The result of urine testing shows that the glucose of KCBG and control gr oup is positive. Specific gravity of urine of KCBG is higher than reference range. Oc cult blood and protein of 3 groups is positive. Urine bilirubin, ketone body and white blood cell of SCBG and KCBG is positive.2.3Histological obsevation Histological section shows myocardial fiber necrosis, extrav asated blood in Krukenberg’s veins, interlobular veins and sinus hepaticus, alveolar ect asia and extravasated blood in pulmonary venous capillary. A few stomach sections of 3 groups shows gastric mucosal bleeding, hydroncus and extravasated blood. Few kidn ey sections of 3 groups shows kidney tubules acidosis and minor glomerular abnormal ities.4/7 minipigs in KCBG show convoluted tubule shrink, in which could be seen n o or less control androgone, and interstitial tissue of testis is broadening. Bladder ma mbrane of KCBG and control group show hyperemia congestion, extravasated blood a nd edematous, and SCBG shows no obvious abnormality. The prostate gland sections of three groups show no obvious abnormity. The result of villous length of small inte stine shows no significant difference among 3 groups(P>0.05). The result of crypt de pth shows that duodenum of SCBG is higher than normal group for 18.33%(P<0.05); duodenum of KCBG is higher than normal group for 20.84%(P<0.01); ileum of SC BG is lower than KCBFG for 13.60%(P<0.01); there is no significant difference in t he total crypt depth of small intestine among 3 groups. The result of villous length/cr ypt depth(V/C) shows that duodenum of KCBG is lower than control group for 15.7 4%(P<0.05); jejunum of SCBG is lower than KCBG for 16.44%(P<0.05); ileum of SCBG is higher than KCBG for 25.91%(P<0.01). The result of membrane thickness of large intestine shows that colon of SCBG is higher than control group for 53.28% (P<0.01); colon of KCBG is higher than control group for 68.15%(P<0.01); the total thickness of large intestine of SCBG is higher than control group for 7.32%(P<0.0 5). The gastrin of KCBG is higher than SCBG for 28.65%(P<0.05) and higher than control group for 32.83%(P<0.05).Conclusion1. Blocking low hydraulic resistance channel along stomach channel could induce di sease that is relating with stomach channel and stomach and intestine. Blocking low h ydraulic resistance channel along kidney channel could induce disease, which is relatin g with kidney channel and kidney. This could explain that low hydraulic resistance ch annel is a part of channel, and blocked channel is a pathological reason of disease.2. This study establishes a macroscopical and quantitative method of observing the pathological changes in minipigs after blocking channels, which provide a new thought and method for channel research. |
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