This paper primarily analyzes and compares the differences of China and USA economies from the system and construction, population and agriculture, resources and environment etc. aspect, and the synthesized economic strength, according to the current international economic environment. Then it discusses the challenges and opportunities that China will be faced with in the process of digitalization and globalization of the world economyin the 21st century, brings forward some feasible suggestions to deal with the choices, summaries and forecasts the future several decades' economic growth trend of China and USA.
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