| Recent years have seen a constant social phenomenon manifesting that unexpectedly an annual salary of 100,000 RMB does not attract high-skilled workers. In fact, there has been a continuous shortage of skilled talents in our country while numbers of vocational institution graduates who are equipped with technical and practical knowledge fail to land their jobs. Seen from certain statistics, the nation-wide employment rate of senior vocational institutions is 55% in 2003 with an equivalent rate of 61% in 2004 and 59.1% in 2005. Our country has been lacking skilled talents for a long time and the difficulty in graduates' employment coexists with the shortage of skilled workers in enterprises.From this noticeable phenomenon, we can conclude that there is an obvious inconsistency between educational output and the talent need in different enterprises. The comprehensive quality of the graduates from vocational institutions does not meet the requirement from the enterprises. In spite that all vocational schools maintain the goal of cultivating students of high skills, the graduates' all-round quality most needed by the present society does not correspond to what is needed by the enterprises. A noticeable distance can be seen in between. For instance, there exists a difference in terms of vocational and technical level, professional concepts, ethics and conduct. A great amount of research has been conducted to search for the causes. This research is to explore the reasons of ineffectiveness of the invested vocational institutions in term of cultural factors such as of emotional cultivation, thinking probation, recognition of value and behaviour formation value education, behavior cultivation, moral teaching, etc.The paper holds that the fundamental reason is the imbalance of cultivating environment or "cultural" one. From the perspective of curriculum system, school education is to set a study environment with a clear goal, which not only includes studies of knowledge and technique, but more importantly is the significance of learning. Apparently, there must be enterprises' value and mentalities in vocational education. Vocational institutions should conduct more inter-active activities with enterprises, in order to form a cultivating arena with a combination of school and enterprise.It could be concluded that there are several cultural reasons for the ineffectiveness after investigation and comparison on enterprises and schools. The traditional "college academic direction" and enterprises are different in term of mentalities; there is also gap between vocational institutions' educational direction and enterprises' needs, a lack of cultivation of vocational morality and practice willpower; there is divide between school's environment and enterprises'; and traditional social culture has negative influence on vocational education. In order to survive and develop further, the senior vocational institutions ought to enable their product, i.e. the graduates to meet the satisfaction of the customers, i.e. the enterprises. Based on the discussion of the cultural reasons for the inconsistency of talent supply and demand, and with reference to the orientation function, standardization function, edification function and denotation function of culture, this study analyzes the cultural similarities and contrasts between vocational institutions and enterprises thus puts forward the following solution: it is necessary to reconstruct the educational and cultural environment of the vocational students, to improve the training quality of the students through cultural interaction between schools and enterprises so as to meet the need for talents in the society. Also, this paper presents a systematic illustration of the specific approaches to operate cultural interaction between institutions and enterprises, of the crucial policies which should be adopted as well as of the guarantees of the system. |
