A Gender Study On Chinese Rural Public Policy

The gender problem with the rural public policy is not lies in its content, but lies in its execution of gender equity principle. The main reason is that the public policy had been repelled by traditional gender culture in the process of its execution .When policy encounter traditional gender culture's resisting, variation occurs, which seriously affect policy's fairness. Therefore, we should take policy's variation into our core sight.In order to discover the secret that why the policies which contain the principle of gender equality can't realize their equal goal, the author began this research on the countryside's public policies, gender consciousness is her main perspective and caring female group is her essential point. This practical research has been used qualitative approaches, with participative observation and the deep-talk to the feminine about their social life in rural. The author selected one natural village with rich traditional culture in the south of Yellow River area as her research back ground. In the process of researches, she mainly uses the theory of Institutionlism to analyze why the public policy can't be implemented effectively. Public policies conclude two parts, laws and common policies, they belong to formal institution, traditional gender institution is a part of informal institution, the coordination between them is very important to the formal institution's successful implement. By deep talking to people and case analysis, the author found that these two lifestyles that living-with-husband for married women and supported-by-son for the aged is very popular in the countryside and the two informal systems are playing a key role to the feminine survival situation. By taking a key role in the resource distribution, this two informal systems make a bias to the male in many aspects ,such as birth-giving, the share of family education resources, the property inherits and soon on, which enables the equal rights and interests which the female should have not to be able to obtain the realization.When the author ponders why the traditional gender system can still display the huge function to the now Chinese countryside, Fei Xiaotong's viewpoint about the ritual vulgar society and the Bourdieu's practical sociology theory gave a big inspiration. Now the Chinese countryside is still in the transition stage from the tradition to the modern society. Local society's mark is still obvious, traditional culture ingrained, people organize social life according to the traditional convention, "the ritual" is still playing the pivotal role in people's social life, people take the informal arrangement to repel the law, causing the legal shape with to be nominal. People act according to the convention, not using the logical inference. The"ritual"which Fei Xiaotong said and the"custom"which is used by Bourdieu in his practical sociology have the interlinked nature ,people conduct referring to the"ritual", it provides a set of cognition graphical representations for the behavior, causes the tradition in people's practice is duplicated. Its result is that people lack reconsidering to the tradition, and the strength that prevents traditional society transforming to the modern causes the formal institution to be unable to take root in the village society. People act according to the convention without the logical inference, the"ritual"which Fei Xiaotong named and the"custom"which is recreated by Bourdieu in his practical sociology have the interlinked nature ,people act deferring to the"ritual"which provides a set of cognition graphical representations for the behavior, causes the tradition been duplicated by practice. The result is that people lacks reconsidering to the tradition .The strength which prevents traditional society transforming to the modern causes the formal institution to be unable to take root in the village society. Because of the reality that variation happens when the public policy counter traditional gender system, the government should enlarge the ideology investment, establish a group of outstanding rural leader as well as establish perfect social security system for the aged to guide the informal institution to vicissitude, and then pave the way for the public policy to achieve the goal of gender equality.The main characteristic in this article is that the author joint Feminist Perspectives and the theory of Instituationlism Sociology together, using qualitative approaches to carry on practical research of the implementation of the rural public policy, and particularly analyze how the traditional gender system influence public policy's execution effect, clarify the work logic of the traditional gender system in the rural society. Compared to previous research, this research has a merit of more disciplined and the standardized, it also has introduced gender researches on public policy to a new period where the theory and the practice unified closely.