Comparative Research On The Coping Style Between The Time On Usual And In The Examination In Undergraduate Students And Exploration Of The Process-Oriented And Trait-Oriented Coping Theory

Objectives:To revise and test the coping style questionnaires on usual time and in examining time in undergraduate students;to discuss their possible relationship by comparing the coping styles between these two situations.Methods:By cluster sampling, The students in several universities in ZheJiang province were investigated with revised Ways of Coping Questionnaire which was designed by Folkman and Lazarzus to research the process of coping, and the revised one can be used for special event condition, the date was analyzed with SPSS 11.5 by exploratory factors analysis , scale reliability and validity analysis and Pearson correlation analyzed, and so on.Results:First: the results of exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaires in two situations (in the usual time and the exam time).We found six factors in each situation, five factors of which were namedproblem-solving, avoidance, desire, desalt and reproach have the consistent name meaning, the other factor of which the meaning was almost completely different was accept/catharsis in the usual time coping questionnaire, and that was study/imitate in the exam time, these two questionnaires had acceptable reliabilities and validities.Second: the comparative outcome of these two questionnaires: 1. The comparisons of items:(1) Correlation analysis between items: the maximum correlation coefficient between 66 items was the sixtieth item (r =0.78), there were 18 items whose correlation coefficients were high over 0.60, 23 items: 0.50 75.0%.3 > The comparisons of synthesized items and factors analysis:(1) Except for the factor named accept/cathears on usual time and study/imitate in exam time doesn't include much items that is same, the other 5 include items all over 50.0% in all items of the factor (showed in table 16-17), and avoidance, desire, and desalt are even over 70.0%.(2) The correlation analysis between the items that belonged to both the same mean factors in two situations and the personality traits that the correlation coefficient between items and personality traits was highest were showed in table 18-24, from which we could found if the correlation coefficients were lower than 0.40, their corresponding personality traits were different, while the items whose correlation coefficients were over 0.40, their corresponding personality traits are consistent except for the item 5, 6, 35, 44, 60, 65;by further analyzing, we found that item 5, 6 have no significant relation with 16PF, item 35, 44, 60, 65 have relativity to some degree with 16PF, although their correlation coeffients of personality traits were not same (the coefficients between these items and 16PF refers to table 25 ). These indicated that the higher correlation coefficients, the more stable relations between the coping styles and the personality in two situations.Conclusions:(1) The coping style questionnaires can be used to assess the coping style of the undergraduate students in the scene of the usual and the examination status.(2) By analyzing the correlations of the items, the factors and the personality traits in two situations, we can get the conclusions that coping styles have cross-situational stability and moderately or highly consistent with personality, some coping styles are just the response of personality, while some coping styles are changed with the situationor those are unstable, so coping styles are perhaps both trait-like and situational.