The Analysis Of Structure And Function Theory Of The Social Combining Utility

The structure and function theory which took shape on the 30~th and 40~th of last century, and was in great prosperity function in the 60th is still the western sociology mainstream of methodology. This study selects the whole rational theory of three representative figures of the structure functionalism as the starting point of studying. Their theories' purposes are all to probe into the problem of implementation that is combined in the social operation course, but the angles are not all the same. Parsons constructs his social action system from taking action from unit, and it is a huge system made meticulously. This system has the essential terms of one's own survive and development, and it can launch the three-dimensional type system vertically and horizontally. Merton regards the social order and stability's maintaining as his theory goal on the basis of Parsons' theory. But he takes a road called" middle level theory " separately, which is lying between the abstract research and experience while studying, putting forward some conceptions explainable and innovative and put the combing research space of thought further. Luhmann's viewpoint is that the social system is formed not by the action, but by the communication, and he emphasizes that it is the split up of the social system' function that threatened the social systems combining. So he advocates to reducing the systematic destruction trend, and regards the split up of the systematic function, as the compensation strength, which forms the social combining at the same time.This research regards structure functionalism as the basic theoretical foundation, make the analysis of kinds of theory modes as the prerequisite and have a combining research to the practical problem of the society of China through combining the textual criticism of utility to the western structure functionalism. Although western structure functionalism has important theory guidance functions in solving China's social contradiction, but it is also demonstrate the limitation of its theory in the realistic application of the Chinese society. So an application creatively in practice to this theory is very necessary, and we can substantiate it and improve it constantly.