The Investigation Of The Ancient Chinese Education In The Academic Schools Of Classical Learning During The Ming And Qing Periods

For centuries as a special mode of Chinese cultural education in the old days, the Academic Schools of Classical learning had a significant effect upon our traditional civilizations. However, what part did it play in the cultural development of JingZhou during the Ming and Qing periods? As is known to all, JingZhou is one of the original places for the ancient Chinese cultural civilization. And what implications can we get for our present educational reforms from the development of this kind of educational system as it is of the same level with some public and private schools in ancient China?This dissertation introduces the historical development of the schools during the periods of Ming and Qing Dynasty and investigate the specific development of some areas, taking JingZhou as an example.Part I The Development of the Academic Schools of Classic Learning in JingZhou during the Ming and Qing Periods.In this part, the positive and negative developments of the schools in that period and the influence of Zhang Juzheng's destruction of them are analyzed on the basis of the whole development and the provincial development of that time. The writer's opinions are as follows:The educational development is greatly affected by the government political and cultural policy, but it has its own rules and laws. The classical academic schools in JingZhou during Ming and Qing periods not only devoted much to the ancient cultural development of JingZhou but also formed a strong ground for the later modern development of education in this area.Part II The Investigation of the educational systems in JingZhou Ancient Academic School of Learning during the Ming and Qing PeriodsIn this part, the three parts of the schools are illustrated and discussed. Thethree parts of this kind of schools are administration department, teaching and tutoring department and the financial administration department. They are illustrated and discussed on the basis of many relevant historical literal reviews and documents for the internal structure of this kind of organization, the election and the treatment of the head for the schools, the management of the students, the testing systems in that time and the rules for the collection and the run of the money. The discussion results in a conclusion that the JingZhou ancient academic schools at that time had reflected a certain liberal openness and democratic style with its administration and money management under the help and the supervision of the government. In one way, this kind of organization was the reflection of the past-time disadvantages of practice for administration; in another way, it was related with the source of the money for the school. This kind of administration mode created some positive conditions for the further development of the schools themselves and at the same time made the schools become more public and governed by the government.